EXERCISES

7. Circle A. B. C. D to choose the best answer

1. The little boy looks _____________ because he gets good grades in the exam

A. happy                                   B. unhappy                                 C. happily                                     D. unhappily

2. I had been waiting for my friends and suddenly they appear ______________ at the end of the path.

A. noise                                    B. noisy                                       C. noisily                                       D. quiet

3. The street appears ____________ now because there are so much traffic in the rush hour

A. quiet                                     B. noisy                                       C. noisily                                       D. quietly

4. His girlfriend _________________ gentle and independent

A. acts                                       B. seems                                      C. says D. look

5. Your parents appear _____________ with you, but also very fair

A. strictly                                 B. strict                                        C. strictness                                 D. open-minded

6. We should eat more vegetables and fruits to stay _______________

A. health                                  B. healthy                                   C. unhealthy                                D. healthily

7. Can you help me? I ________ for my pen now.

A. look                                      B. am looking                            C. looked                                      D. was looking

8. The sky ________ brighter after the heavy rain.

A. is growing                           B. grows                                      C. grow                                         D. was growing

9. At present, I _______ calm.

A. remain                                 B. remained                               C. is remaining                                D. was remaining

10. To decide the winner of the competition, the examiners ________ candidates' dishes now.

A. taste                                     B. tasted                                      C. are tasting                                      D. was tasting

11. What's the matter with Mary? She ________ upset.

A. seem                                     B. seems                                      C. is seeming                                   D. was seeming

12. Listen! Her story _________ interesting.

A. sounds                                 B. is sounding                            C. sound                                        D. was sounding

13. The room _______ quiet when teachers entered.

A. gets                                       B. got                                           C. is getting                                      D. was getting

14. The situation _______ unchanged in the past 20 years.

A. remains                               B. remained                               C. has remained                                 D. has been remaining

15. John _______ impolite today. He is always polite and helpful to others.

A. is                                           B. was                                          C. is being                                         D. was being

16. Tom sounded _____ when I spoke to him on the phone. 

A. angry                                           B. angrily                            C. to be angry                                               D. to be angrily 

17. The garden looks _____ since you tidied it up.

A. better                                          B. well                                  C. more good                                                D. more well 

18. Your English is improving. It is getting ______. 

A. well                                              B. good                                C. much well                                                  D. clearly 

19. The chef tasted the meat _____ before presenting it to the President.

A. cautious                                     B. more cautious                 C. cautiously                         D. much cautiously 

20. He did not come and she looked rather _____. 

A. worry                                          B. worrying                        C. worrier                    D. worried 

21. I’ll feel _____ when my exams are over. 

A. happily                                       B. more happily                                           C. happy                              D. more happy 

22. Although the dish smelt _____, he refused to eat saying that he was not hungry. 

A. bad                                              B. good                                C. well                   D. worse 

23. The fish tastes _____, I won’t eat it. 

A. awful                                          B. awfully                           C. more awfully                                           D. as awful 

24. The situation looks _______. We must do something. 

A. good                                           B. well                                  C. bad                  D. badly 

25. He seemed to me a bit _____ today. 

A. badly                                          B. awfully                           C. strangely               D. strange 

8. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1. This is a ‘green city’ designed to reduce its negative _____________ on the environment

A. impact             B. result             C. impression                         D. force

1. 2. More than fifty percent of it is made up _____________ green areas.

A. on                      B. from                C. of         D. for

1. 3. Most people will use public _____________ such as trams and electric buses

A. places                                         B. technology                        

C. transport                                    D. system

1. 4. Some people think that there will be _____________ traffic jams and less pollution.

A. much              B. many               C. less                      D. fewer

1. 5. City _____________ will stop using their cars in urban areas.

A. dwellers                                 B. governments                  

C. authorities                             D. researchers

1. 6. It seems a good solution _____________ many environmental problems.

A. for                      B. to                 C. of            D. in

1. 7. In smart cities, Al technologies will be installed to help the city _____________ more efficiently.

A. exhibit                                         B. design                           

C. operate                                       D. impress

1. 8. The modern infrastructure of the city looks beautiful. I’m really _____________ with the high-rise buildings.

A. impress                                       B. impressed                    

C. impressive                                 D. impressionable

1. 9. Tall buildings can actually limit the _____________ of the built environment and help solve housing problems

A. greenhouse                  B. heat               C. effect      D. carbon footprint

1. 10. Traffic jams are the city’s biggest problem, especially during _____________

A. rush hour               B. peak season      C. crisis        D. pandemic

1. 11. Building a good _____________ is important for the country’s economy.

A. building                                     B. skyscraper                   

C. infrastructure                            D. centre

1. 12. The new underground has allowed city dwellers to _____________ more easily

A. make up              B. get round       C. get out       D. move away

1. 13. With the help of technology, people can now grow vegetables in _____________ gardens of high-rise buildings.

A. room                    B. front                C. roof          D. back

1. 14. The skyscraper _____________ people’s attention because of its unusual architecture.

A. attracts                B. pays              C. gives        D. pays

1. 15. More people are moving _____________ from the urban centers of large cities to the suburbs.

A. up                B. away                  C. out         D. around

1. 16. The city council is planning to _____________ the old buildings in our neighborhood.

A. construct                                   B. design                           

C. renovate                                     D. fix

1. 17. The construction company is developing a new housing _____________ near our neighborhood.

A. problem                                    B. shortage                       

C. condition                                    D. project

1. 18. The population in our area will increase, and the _____________ for services and infrastructure will grow.

A. demand                                     B. certainty                       

C. expectation                                D. requirement

1. 19. The local _____________ are discussing improving public transportation in our neighborhood.

A. robots                                        B. authorities                   

C. environmentalists                    D. designers

1. 20. With better transportation, more people will be able to move around easily, and it will reduce traffic _________

A. noise                                          B. pollution                       

C. congestion                                 D. transport

1. 21. The city government is _____________ in the development of green spaces in our neighborhood.

A. investing                                    B. increasing                    

C. operating                                    D. controlling

1. 22. With more parks and gardens, the air quality will improve, and it will ___________ the quality of life for everyone

A. reduce                                           B. enhance                        

C. sustain                                         D. construct

1. 23. Future cities are likely to be more ______________ advanced and densely populated than they are today.

A. technology                                  B. technological              

C. technique                                   D. technologically

1. 24. They may also be more sustainable, with green spaces and ______________ energy sources.

A. nuclear              B. renewable          C. traditional           D. non-renewable

1. 25. There may be a greater focus ______________ public transportation and walkability, rather than car-centric design.

A. on                   B. for                 C. of            D. in

1. 26. Technology will ______________ a key role in optimizing resource usage, reducing waste, and improving efficiency.

A. make                  B. take                C. play       D. put

1. 27. There is also a growing awareness ______________  the need to reduce our impact on the environment

A. for                       B. of                 C. in             D. with

1. 28. By 2050 the world’s ______________  are/ is expected to reach 10 billion, and nearly 70 per cent of these people will live in cities

A. environmentalists                        B. gardeners                     

C. urbanites                                    D. population

1. 29. The cities of the future will be ‘smarter’ and more sustainable to _________ a growing population and improve people’s lives.

A. cope with                      B. face with             C. suffer from           D. make up

1. 30. A smart city is a modern urban area that uses _______________technologies to provide services, solve problems, and support people better. 

A. a great deal of             B. a range of       C. the number of     D. the amount of

1. 31. The new technologies can help save time by predicting changes in the traffic and _______________ people of possible traffic jams. 

A. predicting         B. supporting          C. interrupting              D. warning

1. 32. Street lights can turn off when the streets are empty, and ___________ can inform waste collection teams when the bins are full.

A. authorities             B. infrastructure         C. sensors                D. facilities

1. 33. These smart technologies will help save energy, reduce air ___________ , and fight climate change.

A. footprint               B. pressure           C. pollution               D. warming

1. 34. Cities in the future will also be sustainable. They will include a lot of green space and become __________ to more plants and animals.

A. house             B. home                 C. housing               D. dwelling

1. 35. Making ___________ for biodiversity and nature can be done in various ways including underground and rooftop farming, and roof gardens. 

A. room                 B. way                C. space                  D. home

1. 36. As people will care more ___________ the environment, most cities will use renewable and clean energy.

A. about                  B. for                    C. of        D. with

1. 37. Modern infrastructure will also be more ___________ . Electric buses and trains will produce less greenhouse gas emissions.

A. ecological friendly                  B. eco-friendly                 

C. environment friendly              D. environmental friendly

1. 38. In addition, more ___________ zones for walking and cycle paths will be made available for people in all neighbourhoods.

A. comfort            B. safety             C. security                D. pedestrian

1. 39. These features will make future cities more ______________ and will provide a high quality of life to city dwellers.

A. live                  B. alive           C. liveable                 D. lively

1. 40. Smart cities use modern technologies to save time and provide better ______________ .

A. services             B. agriculture        C. industry             D. economy

1. 41. Space for walking and cycling will be _________ with computer-controlled transport systems.

A. provided           B. replaced        C. predicted               D. impressed

48. Eco-friendly transport systems will reduce greenhouse gas _________.

A. release                B. launch             C. discharge                D. emissions

49. Quality of life will be improved _________ the cleaner environment.

A. thanks to           B. despite                 C. because              D. in spite of

50. There will be no _________ vehicles because people will use public transport.

A. delivery             B. police             C. private                  D. public

51. Green _________ will replace old blocks of flats and offices in crowded urban centres.

A. space                B. skyscrapers        C. energy            D. fields

52. Eco-friendly public transport will produce less carbon dioxide or waste, and will be _________ by computers

A. predicted             B. impressed       C. reduced              D. controlled

53. Smart street infastructure with sensor technology will provide information _________ faster, cheaper, and better decision-making

A. for                     B. with                  C. of        D. on

54. Technology will make public transport faster, more _________, and more eco-friendly.

A. available            B. convenient          C. empty             D. popular

55. The ____________ of our city needs upgrading. It is in an extremely poor condition now.

A. infrastructure           B. environment         C. structure             D. inhabitant

56. If people use _____________ energy, their impact on the environment is less.

A. renewable             B. nonrenewable              C. fossil fuel         D. limited

57. I believe it’ll be better because of modern ______________

A. energy                    B. technique              C. technical             D. technology

58. I am not familiar ____________ the terms such as solar energy, solar panel. Can you explain them?

A. about                   B. on                 C. with                 D. in

59. The ____________ friendly products are designed not to harm the natural environment.

A. environment                               B. environmental

C. environmentally                        D. environmentalism

60. Water, solar and wind are ___________ sources of energy.

A. friendly environmental                         B. environment – friendly                    

C. friendly environment                           D. environmental friendly

61. Nonrenewable energy has negative ______________ on the environment.

A. impact              B. benefit             C. quality                            D. warning

62. The city is so ____________ that pollution and heavy traffic are common problems.

A. liveable               B. sustainable          C. overcrowded                  D. urban      

63. The ___________ of this village can enjoy a good quality of life.

A. infrastructure         B. inhabitants              C. environmentalists           D. researchers

64. The city dwellers design and ___________ projects aiming at reducing fossil fuel consumption

A. carry out            B. carry on             C. carry over                      D. carry off

65. ____________ the new plan, the city dwellers can make its environment greener, cleaner and more sustainable

A. In spite of             B. Thanks to           C. Thanks for         D. In addition to

66. In the future, people can ____________ probable disasters and rescue the residents in danger.

A. threaten                          B. damage               C. warn  D. threats

67. Human beings now have to _____________ environmental issues.

A. deal with            B. carry out                C. consume                       D. ensure

68. People will mainly use __________ fuels such as wind and sun energy for transport.

A. fossil                   B. nonrenewable       C. effective                       D. renewable

69. The factory was punished for not ____________ chemicals before discharging them into the rivers.

A. ensuring                B. turning into               C. treating                        D. dealing

70. The main ___________ to the survival of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.

A. fuel                      B. threat           C. shortage                    D. change

71. City dwellers will have a better life thanks to _________ technology.

A. promoted                                B. improved                                C. advanced                    D. low

72. ______________ is the fact of a country or city having too many people living in it

A. population                             B. overpopulated                          C. overpopulation           D. popular

73. Vietnamese people still complain __________ overcrowded streets during the rush hour.

A. to                                           B. about                                        C. on                               D. for

74. People’s lives will continue to be _________ because of the continuous risk of earthquakes and tsunamis here.

A. threat                                     B. threatening                               C. threatened                  D. satisfied

75. In the future, people will build offshore wind farms to replace ageing ___________ network.

A. electricity                               B. electronic                                C. electric                        D. electrical

76. Sensors monitoring temperatures, energy use and traffic flow can ______ the authority about any problems

A. threaten                                  B. warn                                          C. dispose                       D. provide

77. In Singapore, the mobile app Parking.sg allows you to book a parking space, and ___________ a payment.

A. take                                             B. give                                          C. make              D. provide

78. Using a mobile app, ___________ can unlock bikes from one station and return them to any other station in the system

A. reside                                                        B. residence      C. residents                D. resisdential

79. In Toronto (Canada), you can ___________ an appointment and see a doctor online a from your own home.

A. book                                           B. do     C. take                D. pay

80. They are worried that their personal information might not be protected on the Internet, and they might become victims of ___________.

A. online crime                          B. theft                                      C. cybercrime                                D. pickpockets

9. Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals

1. ______________ will be a key consideration in urban planning and development. (SUSTAINABLE)

2. Private vehicles will be replaced by more efficient and ________________ public transport systems (SUSTAIN)

3. There will be electric buses, trains, and trams that produce no or low _____________ (EMIT)

4. The paintings are on display at an ______________ which opened on Friday. (EXHIBIT)

5. Environmentalists say there is a high risk of _______________ from the landfill site. (POLLUTE)

6. The disease spread quickly among the poor slum ______________ of the city. (DWELL)

7. The industry needs to look for technological _____________________ to their problems. (SOLVE)

8. Children need to be able to communicate ideas ______________ to have a good job in the future (EFFECTIVE)

9. Traffic is now flowing _____________ again with the computer-controlled system (SMOOTH)

10. The government has been praised for improving the _____________. (ECONOMIC)

11. The exhibition has attracted special ______________. from the media. (ATTEND)

12. It will become a safer and more _____________ residential area (LIVE)

13. The town's modern _______________ is very attractive to the young (ARCHITECT)

14. The rapid growth of ______________ led to an acute shortage of housing. (POPULATE)

15. Sensors can inform waste _____________ teams when the bins are full (COLLECT)

16. Computer-controlled transport systems like electric buses and trains wil produce less greenhouse gas ________________ (EMIT)

17. In the future, cities will only use ________________ sources of energy such as wind and solar power (RENEW)

18. Cameras and sensors are used to improve city dwellers’ safety and _______________ (SECURE)

19. There seems to be a lack of ______________ over what we should do. (CERTAIN)

20. These children may need careful, ______________ check-ups that include special tests to look for early signs of cancer. (MEDICINE)

21. Patients can receive _______________ and other documents online (PRESCRIBE)

22. The app can give city dwellers route _______________ when they cycle through the city streets (RECOMMEND)

10. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box

9. 1. These _______________________ apartment blocks will be built to solve housing problem

   2. Smart devices help cities ______________ more efficiently

   3. The road was closed while the ______________ crashed into toll station on the highway

   4. There is a strong sense of _______________________ here; everyone is friendly and helpful

   5. Smarphones technologies make people’s lives easier because they can _________________ household chores

   6. Hoa feel lonely because she doesn’t __________________ with many people

   7. In the future, people will have limited _______________ because there are cameras everwhere

   8. The security device has a heat ___________ which detects the presence of people and animals.

   9. Future cities will become more ____________________ and provide a high quality of life to city dwellers

   10. Vienna is considered as one of the world's most liveable cities because of its stability and good infrastructure

   11. The new technologies can ____________________ changes in the traffic and warn people of traffic congestion

11. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box

1. __________________ transport such as buses and trains will be faster, more frequent, and more comfortable.

2. The street ___________________ will be upgraded with more sensors and data collection devices.

3. The buildings will be designed to be more energy-efficient and ______________________

4. They will have green roofs, solar panels, and rainwater harvesting systems to reduce the energy consumption and carbon ________________

5. Green skyscrapers will ________________old blocks of flats and offices in crowded urban centers.

6. Public services such as healthcare and education will be more accessible and ________________in the future cities.

7. Smart ________________ will help people schedule appointments, and connect with social networks.

8. People will not need to use their own cars because the city infrastructure will be ________________to support public transportation.

9. People will have limited privacy due to cameras ________________ everywhere in the city.

10. There will be less _________________ cars in the future in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

12. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition

1. The course is made ____________ of 12 two-hour sessions and at the end of the course, you will receive a certificate

2. There was a lot of traffic ____________ the road this morning.

3. It would be better to transport the goods ____________ road.

4. They were seeking an ultimate solution ____________ the city's traffic problem.

5. He was very impressed ____________ her house in a smart city. It is modern and eco-friendly

6. I have been thinking _________________ installing solar panels on the roof to generate electricity

7. In the future, most of city dwellers will use electric cars to get ____________

8. Some people find pollution very difficult to cope ____________.

9. The residential areas should provide every dweller _________________ a high level of protection

10. The government will provide financial support _________________ low-income families.

11. Security experts warn the inhabitants of the smart cities _________________ the problems

12. The cities of the future will be different ____________ the cities of today.

13. The street light can turn _____________ when the sun rises

14. The government can make the cities ideal _____________ everyone who wants to enjoy the hight quality of life

15. Green space in the cities becomes home _____________ a wide range of plants and animals

16. We move the bookshelf to make room _______________ a new television

17. She cares deeply _______________ environmental issues because humans are destroying the Earth

18. She moved back home to care _______________ her elderly parents.

19. Walking and cycle paths will be made available ____________ people in the cities

20. Fossil fuels will be placed ______________ renewable energy such as solar energy or tidal energy

21. Thanks ______________ the efforts of the whole team, the project was completed on time.

22. This area is immensely popular ______________ tourists who want to enjoy fresh air

23. People will use electric underground instead _____________ private cars

24. It is easy for people to interact ______________ each other with advanced technology

25. People here have a strong sense of community because they want to have the feeling of  belonging ____________ a group.

26. Robots can help families _______________ household chores and everyone can have time to relax

27. He argues that climate change is mainly due _______________ the actions of industrialized countries

28. We should book a parking space ______________ mobile apps because this way is more convenient and economical

29. City dwellers can use robots to return books __________ the library.

30. The smell is very familiar ____________ everyone who lives near a bakery

31. Are you familiar ____________ the computer software they use?

32. The project's impact ____________ the environment should be minimal.

33. The room soon filled ______________ people.

34. Renewable sources of energy are ones that are never used ____________________

35. The main goal of urban planning is providing a healthier environment _________ people living _______ the city

36. City dwellers mainly use wind and sun energy ____________ cooking, lighting and heating their homes.

37. She is used to dealing ________________ all kinds of people in her job.

38. This organisation is capable ___________ detecting and locating any threats to public safety

39. The city planners design and conduct projects which aim _________ dealing with global climate change.

40. It is not easy for some people to get familiar _________ and use the smart devices.

41. You can just touch your bank card on the card reader when you get on and off the bus or the underground to pay _________ your trip.

42. This technology can save time, reduce the need _________ physical visits to the doctor's office, and increase access _________ medical care

13. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)

1. The display illustrates the traditional industries of the town.

A. construction                             B. museum                                

C. characteristic                               D. exhibition

2. Two drivers escaped injury when their vehicles collided near Thirsk.

A. trams                                         B. electric cars                          

C. transport                                       D. underground

3. Traffic jams are the city’s biggest problem, especially during rush hour.

A. crowds                                      B. congestion                            

C. vehicles                                          D. underground

4. Many athletes feel the effects of air pollution during outdoor exercise.

A. contaminant                             B. contamination                     

C. purity                                             D. hygiene

5. China's rich urbanites can enjoy high quality of life in the modern world

A. migrants                                    B. immigrants                           

C. city dwellers                                         D. emigrants

6. A hidden camera had been installed in the room.

A. modernized                              B. renovated                             

C. removed                                        D. set up

7. Living in a smart city is not all good as some people may think. What are the pros and cons of living in a smart city?

A. causes and effects                                                                       

B. effects and solutions                                       

C. causes and solutions                                                                   

D. advantages and disadvantages

8. In my opinion, the benefits of smart technologies outweigh the drawbacks.

A. disadvantages                          B. advantages                           

C. effects                                            D. measures

9. Smart technologies make people’s lives easier by reducing household chores.

A. modern                                     B. stylish                                    

C. intelligent                                      D. stupid

10. People become worried because their personal information might not be protected.

A. concerned                                B. tired                                       

C. surprised                                       D. impressed

11. The good thing about smart cities is that they have modern technology

A. complex                                    B. basic                                       

C. obscure                                          D. advanced

12. The city infrastructure which includes sensors and cameras collects information about people

A. consists of                                B. excludes                                

C. installs                                            D. locates

13. With cameras everywhere in public spaces, people also have limited privacy.

A. large                                           B. eliminated                            

C. extended                                       D. restricted

14. Living in a smart city has both advantages and disadvantages.

A. outcomes                                  B. drawbacks                            

C. benefits                                          D. solutions

15. Smart cities are built on new technologies to improve people's lives.

A. recover                                      B. affect                                      

C. damage                                          D. enhance

16. Smart technologies make daily life more efficient and saves people a lot of time.

A. effective                                    B. liveable                                 

C. available                                        D. modern

17. Measures should be put in place to protect people's privacy and ensure the safety of their personal information.

A. danger                                       B. security                                 

C. certainty                                        D. uncertainty

18. Some smart technologies are difficult to use and without training, city dwellers might find them useless.

A. migrants                                    B. immigrants                           

C. residents                                        D. emigrants

19. The area will be more vibrant, and it will attract more tourists.

A. passive                                      B. liveable                                 

C. enegetic                                         D. available

20. It seemed a reasonable solution to a difficult problem.

A. effect                                          B. measure                                

C. consequence                                D. cause

21. Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.

A. communicate                           B. interrupt                               

C. impress                                          D. educate

22. A free trade agreement would be advantageous to both countries.

A. disadvantaged                         B. familiar                                 

C. advantaged                                   D. beneficial 

14. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)

1. Traffic is now flowing smoothly again.

A. roughly                                      B. rapidly                                   

C. evenly                                            D. slowly

2. Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world

A. closely                                       B. thickly                                   

C. sparsely                                         D. heavily

3. In the future, we will use more nenewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power

A. alternative                                B. limited                                   

C. inexhaustible                                D. endless

4. Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.

A. residential                                B. rural                                       

C. coastal                                            D. mountainous

5. The police are conducting a safety awareness programme in local schools.

A. certainty                                   B. security                                 

C. danger                                            D. doubt

6. He thinks he's special with his expensive suits and fancy shoes.

A. costly                                         B. reasonable                           

C. prohibitive                                    D. upmarket

7. The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.

A. contaminant                             B. contamination                     

C. purity                                             D. hygiene

8. The building was made using modern construction techniques.

A. complex                                    B. basic                                       

C. traditional                                     D. advanced

9. There are some disadvantage of smart cities such as limited privacy or lack of social control

A. large                                           B. eliminated                            

C. extended                                       D. unrestricted

10. One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play.

A. outcomes                                  B. drawbacks                            

C. benefits                                          D. solutions

11. Smart cities are built on new technologies to improve people's lives.

A. recover                                      B. affect                                      

C. worsen                                           D. enhance

12. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found.

A. public                                         B. personal                                

C. common          D. shared

15. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the words/ phrases that need correction

1. The urban lifestyle seems more excitingly to young people.

2. The museum looks beauty from a distance.

3. Widening the road sounds a good solve to traffic problems in the area.

4. We all know that we have to work hardly to support the family.  

5. The noise on the roof of the trailer woke Bill and Fred up very quick

6. She finds housework bored and doesn't like to stay at home all day.

7. The accident looked seriously but fortunately nobody was injured

8. He was a bad influence on the child, who was at an impressive age.

9. The number of homeless people have increased dramatically.

10. She's in her third year of studying economy at York University.

11. There's increasing demand for cars that are more economic on fuel.

12. As technology advances, workers are afraid that they will lose his jobs.

13. Sulphur dioxide is one of several pollutions that are released into the atmosphere by coal-fired power stations.

14. The community centre was demolished to pay room for a new apartment block.

16. Circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

1. Ann: I heard that in the future people will build cities on the ocean. Do you think that will be possible?

David:  _______________. With the help of modern technologies, we can build cities on water

A. I'm not really sure about it                                  C. It’s very unlikely

B. I have no doubt about it                                      D. I don’t believe it’s true

2. Ann: Do you think the government can build our first smart city in this area?

David:  _______________. Smart technologies are very expensive. We don‘t have Al experts either.

A. I'm not really sure about it                                     C. Of course

B. I have no doubt about it                                          D. I’m positive

3. Ann: Have you heard that they're planning to have driverless buses in the future? Will it be possible?

David: _______________. They have invited some expert already.

A. I'm not really sure about it                                 C. I don’t think so

B. I’m pretty certain about it.                                  D. There is some doubt in mind

4. Ann: Have you heard about the latest Al robots? They're supposed to be able to do all the household chores

David: _______________. I think there will still be limitations to what the robots can do

A. I’m a hundred percent sure about that                   C. Yes, I am certain

B. I’m a bit uncertain about that                                  D. Good idea

7. Nam: In my opinion, there will be no pollution in the future

Hoa: ______________. Our city will be cleaner and sustainable

1. Yes, that’s right        B. You’re right          C. I disgree        D. Not at all

8. – “Our living standards have been improved greatly.”     - “ _____________________ “

A. Thank you for saying so                            B. Sure. I couldn’t agree more

C. No, it’s nice to say so                                D. Yes, it’s nice of you to say so.

9. - “ Do you feel like going to the stadium this afternoon?”     - “ __________________ “

A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid                                 B. I feel very bored

C. You’re welcome                                            D. That would be great.      

10. - What do you think of the General Knowledge Quiz?       

 - Oh, ______________It’s an opportunity to test my general knowledge.

A. I think it’s great                    B. I agree with you             

C. I think it’s terrible           D. It’s not a good idea.

11. – “ Thank you for taking the time to come here in person “     - “ __________________ “ 

A. It’s my pleasure                           B. I don’t know what time that person comes.

C. I’d love to come. What’s time ?          D. Do you have time for some gossip?

12. “I believe that wind power can be an alternative source of energy.” “______________”

A. I disagree. It sounds impossible                  B. Why do you believe so?

C. That would be nice                                      D. I’m afraid so.

13. - Congratulations! You did great. - .............................

a. It’s nice of you to say so.      b. It’s my pleasure.                

c. You’re welcome.                   d. That’s okay.

14. Alice: “What shall we do this weekend?”- Carol: “.......................”

a. Went out for dinner.             b. Oh, that’s good                   

c. Let’s go out for dinner.        d. No problem.

15. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” -B: “....................”

a. Go ahead          b. Not at all              c. Come on          d. I’m pleased you like it

17. Complete the sentences without changing the meaning.

1. That electric car’s so expensive that I don’t think I can buy it.

   • It’s such ________________________.

2. I like living in a smart city more than living in the countryside

   • I prefer _________________________.

3. This is the first time I have seen this kind of intelligent robots

I haven’t _____________________________.

4. Although the air in the city is polluted, he still wants to become a city dweller

In spite ___________________________.

5. The police let him leave after they had questioned him.

The police allowed _______________________________.

6. The room in the skyscraper was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.

   • The room in the skyscraper was too ______________

7. It took us only ten minutes to finish the homework.

   • We spent _________________________.

8. He has installed solar panels on the roof for three years.

   • He started _________________________.

9. It was such a dirty beach that I decided not to stay.

   • The beach _______________________.

10.  He hasn’t played basketball for 6 months.

    • The last time ________________________.

11. I find it difficult to find a better solution to that problem.

    • I have ________________________.

12. The last time I went out for lunch was five days ago.

    • I haven’t _________________________.

13. There’s no need for you to drive very fast. (using Modals)

    • You don’t ________________________.

14. This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.

    • I have never _____________________________.

18. Complete the following sentences, using given words

1. Smart/ technology/ make/ our/ life/ easier/by/ reduce/ housework

______________________________________

2. Advanced/ technology/ have/ impact/ every/ aspect/ life

_________________________________________

3. City/ dweller/ stop/ use/ private/ car/ reduce/ greenhouse/ gas/ emission

__________________________________________

4. AI/ technology/ will/ used/ help/ city/ operate/ efficient

_________________________________________

5. The/ city/ look/ modern/ due/ various/ skyscraper/ electric/ bus

__________________________________________

6. Some/ people/ find/ difficult/ get/ familiar/ smart/ device

___________________________________________

7. There/ be/ a/ range/ way/ interact/ others

_________________________________________

8. Government/ provide/ urbanite/ better/ service/ higher/ quality/ life

________________________________________

19. Listen and complete the summaries of the two viewpoints.

Quét mã QR code hoặc click vào để nghe

         According to the pessimistic viewpoint, our future cities will not be safe and (1) _____________ places to live in. Governments have no (2) _____________  ways to control pollution, which will continue to be a serious problem in the future. Moreover, cities will become (3) _____________,  which means there will be more waste and (4) _____________  traffic.

              According to the optimistic viewpoint, city dwellers will have a better life thanks to advances in technology and (5) _____________ . Furthermore, the environmental problems will be solved.  (6) _____________  energy sources will

Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Quét mã QR code hoặc click vào để nghe

    1. One hundred years ago, what percentage of the human population lived in cities?

A  10%                        B  20%                        C  40%         D  80%

2. What lead to the development of the first semi-permanent settlements?

A  Changes in the global climate            B  An increase in fresh water supplies

C  Improvements in healthcare              D  Advancements in agriculture

3. Which of these technologies developed because of the desire to trade with other cities?

A  Tractors                                    B  City walls                                               C  Roads                                      D  Aqueducts

4. Why did people first move into cities?

A  Jobs                      B  Fun                   C  Safety           D  More farmland

5. The global population is expected to peak at _________ billion.

A  7                    B  6                   C  9               D  10

20. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

CITIES GOING GREEN

As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to transform cities into better living spaces, (1) ________can be done by improving existing infrastructure while also creating more public (2) ________ that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, especially in cities with a haphazard fashion.  Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a model for (3) ________cities to follow. It is being known as a truly green city that relies strictly on renewable sources such as solar energy to provide all of its energy needs. (4) ________, it will be a zero waste city in which everything that is used can be recycled. Whether it will truly accomplish its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for environmentally friendly areas to be tested. 

1. A. which           B. why               C. when                D. that

2. A. rooms              B. spaces          C. places           D. breaks

3. A. every              B. one              C. another            D. other

4. A. However          B. Although           C. Therefore           D. In addition

21. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

         In the year 1900, the world was in the midst of a machine revolution. (1) _____ electrical power became more ubiquitous, tasks once done by hand were now completed quickly and efficiently by machine. Sewing machines replaced needle and thread. Tractors replaced hoes. Typewriters replaced pens. Automobiles replaced horse-drawn carriages.

         A hundred years later, in the year 2000, machines were again pushing the boundaries of (2) _____ was possible. Humans could now work in space, thanks to the International Space Station. We were finding out the composition of life thanks to the DNA sequencer. Computers and the world wide web changed the way we learn, read, communicate, or start political revolutions.

         So what will be the game-changing machines in the year 2100? How will they (3) _____ our lives better, cleaner, safer, more efficient, and more exciting?

         We asked over three dozen experts, scientists, engineers, futurists, and organizations in five different disciplines, including climate change, military, (4) __________, transportation, and space exploration, about how the machines of 2100 will change humanity. The (5) _____ we got back were thought-provoking, hopeful and at times, apocalyptic.

(Adapted from https://www.popularmechanics.com/)

1. A. Despite            B. However       C. Although         D. As

2. A. what                B. that            C. who       D. which

3. A. notice           B. taste             C. make               D. hope

4. A. structure         B. archaeology        C. infrastructure    D. excation

5. A. answers      B. programs          C. contacts         D. services

22. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

         In the future, maybe all cars that run on petrol will be replaced by solar cars, which have been around for a while, but with recent (1)__________ in solar car design and the measurement of photovoltaic cells becoming smaller, the dream of a truly efficient solar car is more reality than fantasy.

         A solar car is a vehicle (2)__________ by photovoltaic cells, also called solar cells, which convert sunlight (light energy) into electrical energy.

         As a source of energy on earth, there is nothing like the sun: in a mere one thousandth of one second (.001), the sun emits enough energy to fulfill our planet’s (3)_______ needs for the next 5,000 years. It is a staggering fact, and an exciting one. Since the energy from the sun is responsible for renewable resources such as wind, tides, and heat, solar energy seems to offer the brightest future for not only cars, but for the entire energy crisis. Despite the appearance that solar energy may be the least feasible among the current crop of (4)_________ fuel propositions, new solar powered devices and more specifically solar powered cars are beginning to be developed. How do solar cars work?

         The photo-voltaic cells absorb photons from sunlight. This action generates heat, which the cells then convert into electrical energy and stores in an on-board battery. This process of conversion is called the photovoltaic effect. Not surprisingly, such a vehicle has zero emissions, and is very (5)________ friendly. Unfortunately, at the moment photovoltaic cells are extremely inefficient, yet as time progresses the efficiency of these cells will grow. This will make solar energy and solar cars the fuel and car of the future-a closer reality.

(Source: goo.gl/px4pCC)

1. A. development   B. developments     C. develop     D. developing

2. A. powered     B. power   C. powerful         D. powering

3. A. energetic       B. energetics      C. energetically            D. energy

4. A. alternatives      B. alternation    C. alternatively     D. alternative

5. A. environmentally  B. environmental  C. environmentalist  D. environment

23. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

THE CAR OF THE FUTURE

         Driving along the motorway in busy traffic, the driver suddenly presses a button on his steering wheel. The car is now driving itself. This may (1) _________________ like something from the future, but driverless cars are already in reality on California’s roads. Many cars can already park themselves on the roadside, brake automatically when the car needs to slow down, and warn the driver (2) __________ they are slipping out of the right lane, so going driverless is just the next step towards automated driving.

         Driverless cars are equipped with fast broadband, allowing them to overtake other cars (3), and even communicate with traffic lights as they approach junctions. Being stuck in traffic jams could become a thing of the past, as driverless cars will be able to drive at speed (4) ___________ to each other.

         More than fifty million people die or are injured in road accidents every year, and the majority of these accidents is caused by human (5) _________________. Google’s driverless car sticks of to the speed limit and doesn’t get tired. So wouldn’t it be a great idea if all cars were driverless.

(ww.english-grammar.at)

1. A. look                B. sound               C. feel        D. sense

2. A. if                   B. where            C. why             D. what

3. A. nicely           B. quickly       C. harmlessly          D. safely

4. A. too closer      B. much closer         C. very closely         D. so closet

5. A. inaccuracy         B. offence       C. error                     D. crime

24. Read the following passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false

FUTURE CITIES

         What do you imagine cities will be like in the future? Will we have smart buildings and flying cars? Or robots that will pick up our rubbish? What about schools? Will we still travel to school or will we study online from home? Perhaps all the buildings and roads will be underground and we’ll just have parks and cycle lanes above.

         Maybe ... or maybe not, but what we do know is that in the future, cities are going to have more and more people living in them. More than half the world’s people already live in cities, and by 2050, cities will become home to about 6.5 billion people.

         That’s a lot of people and very little space! More people means that we’re going to have more pollution, traffic and noise. It also means that we’ll need more homes, schools, hospitals, jobs and transport. We’ll need more resources, like water and energy, and more ways to grow food too. Oh, and more parks to play in!

         Many cities are already planning for the future. For example, Bristol is a cycling city in England. You can hire a bike (instead of taking a car or bus) and ride in cycle lanes which are separated from the traffic. In Singapore, people are looking ‘up’ to grow food! To save space, they grow vegetables in lots of layers in special tall buildings, called ‘vertical farms’. And in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, there are ‘floating houses’ built on water instead of on land!

What do you think city life will be like in the future?

25. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         Where smart cities were once regarded purely as a vision of the future, they are now becoming a reality in numerous urban centres across the globe. From Dubai, Singapore, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Madrid to Southampton in the UK, we’re already beginning to see smart cities provide inhabitants with improved living conditions, easier mobility and cleaner, safer environments, by using cloud computing to power services. But as with all public sector initiatives, smart city services need to be delivered as cost effectively as possible to minimise the taxpayer burden. Often, key decision makers are met with obstacles when it comes to deploying smart services, preventing smart cities initiatives from reaching their full potential – or worse, blocking them altogether.

         Central to the functioning of most ‘normal’ city ecosystems is the underlying data they run on. Regardless as to whether that data is stored on local servers or using cloud storage, when that data is fragmented or incomplete, identifying emerging trends for strategic planning and cost reduction becomes extremely difficult – and because of this, authorities have to adopt an entirely reactive approach. Conversely, in a smart city environment, connected sensors forming an Internet of Things (IoT) provide valuable data for analysis and, in turn, insight into the specific city’s behavioural trends. With this level of information, services can be optimised to reduce costs and risk, increase urban flows and manage assets. Importantly, they can also provide real-time connections and interactions between the city’s businesses, local governments, service providers and citizens.

         In this way, operations and services are elevated through the integration and connection of physical devices via IoT networks, ultimately transforming how a city runs.

(Source: https://www.techradar.com/)

1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. A question of data.                                B. Alignment of minds.

C. Smart city’s supporters.                        D. The same old route.

2. According to paragraph 1, which statement is correct about the current situation for smart cities?

A. Smart cities promise technological convenience so high service fees are not a problem.

B. Dubai, Amsterdam and Hampton are among the cities advancing the title of “smart”.

C. There still exist many challenges for the institution and development of smart cities.

D. The already successful smart city in the world were the works of policy-makers.

3. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A. environments      B. ecosystems          C. services            D. initiatives

4. According to paragraph 2, what is the matter that the author want to emphasise?

A. Human’s urge to share information.        B. The importance of data network.

C. The possibilities of tech disasters.          D. The caliber of artificial intelligence.

5. The word “elevated” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.

A. demoted              B. controlled           C. dignified              D. upgraded

26. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         During the past half-century, our species has embarked on a remarkable social experiment. For the first time in human history, great numbers of people – at all ages, in all places, of every political persuasion – have begun settling down as singletons. Until the second half of the last century, most of us married young and parted only at death. If death came early, we remarried quickly; if late, we moved in with family, or they with us. Now we marry later. We divorce, and stay single for years or decades.

         The rise of living alone has produced significant social benefits, too. Young and middle-aged solos have helped to revitalise cities, because they are more likely to spend money, socialise and participate in public life. Contemporary solo dwellers in the US are primarily women: about 18 million, compared with 14 million men. The majority, more than 16 million, are middle-aged adults between the ages of 35 and 64. The elderly account for about 11 million of the total. Young adults between 18 and 34 number increased more than 5 million, compared with 500,000 in 1950, making them the fastest-growing segment of the solo-dwelling population.

Despite fears that living alone may be environmentally unsustainable, solos tend to live in apartments rather than in big houses, and in relatively green cities rather than in car-dependent suburbs. There’s good reason to believe that people who live alone in cities consume less energy than if they coupled up and decamped to pursue a single-family home.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle)

1. The best title for this passage could be ___________.

A. the rise in solo living                  B. figures about solo dwellers in the US

C. the increase in divorce              D. solos have tendency to live in small houses

2. Which statement is probably TRUE according to the information in paragraph 1?

A. From the beginning of the last century, people married at young age and only death separated them.

B. Until the second half of the last century, a large number of people married young and parted only at death.

C. From the beginning of last century, people have begun settling down as singletons.

D. Until the second half of the last century, people divorce, and stay single for years or decades

3. The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to_______________?

A. singletons            B. the elderly            C. predecessors          D. young adults

4. In the 2rd paragraph, the writer suggests that __________.

A. The elderly take up for a large number of the total solo dwellers

B. In the US, more male choose to live alone than female

C. Solos dwellers have helped to renew cities as they seem to spend money, socialize and take part in public life

D. There are fewer middle-aged solos than the elderly who live alone

5. The word “decamped” in paragraph 3 means _______________.

A. coupled up            B. quitted             C. lived separately       D. lived together

27. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         By the end of the third millennium, people will all have access to basic utilities like electricity and the internet. As a type of civilization, the overall energy consumption of everyone in the 30th century will be at a level of around 4×10²⁶ watts. In other words, the energy utilization in a world full of working class consumers will be comparable to the luminosity of our parent star. So, the people of the future will inevitably need to fully harness the output of the Sun through the use of a vast array of satellite mega-structures that encircle the celestial body and capture the radiation it emits.

         In requiring everyone to work together, the inclusive attitude of the future will cause everyone to grow much closer to one another, improving interpersonal relationships in neighborhoods the world over. By the year 3000, the whole of humanity will become a sort of poly-amorous society of mono-ethnic global citizens, living in a complex egalitarian intercontinental cooperative. Everyone will be part of multicultural communities within communities. Companies and credit unions will even be owned by their employees. People will all be very conscientious. Everyone will support the global economy, as well as ecology, of the world.

         Humans will inhabit artificial urban jungles filled with buildings and sidewalks, while the other animals will inhabit natural rural jungles filled with wilderness and trails. Friends will walk through the crowded streets of the mega-cities of the future holding hands with one another. Public displays of affection will be customary among everyone. Casual bisexual encounters will be the norm. Everyone will care about everyone else. People will all accept each other, and help each other out, more and more as time goes on.

         The point is that eventually, everyone will finally get along. Humanity will progress to a point of collective compatibility as everyone sufficiently integrates and assimilates. From now until the year 3000, the several thousand languages currently spoken will reduce down to only about a hundred. More importantly, the nation-state members of the UN will all use the same form of electronic currency. As the countries of the world unify more and more, the metric system will become the universal standard of measurement. Things will become increasingly more common among everyone. This will bring everyone closer and closer together, each step of the way. In the end, cultural memes will all eventually just blend together in the great melting pot that is the world.

         People will also change physically, along with mentally, too though. For instance, there will be an increase in both height and longevity, among people in general. In the year 3000 people will be about six feet tall, and live to be 120 years old, on average. They will experience a slight reduction in the size of their mouths, too. Improvements in nutritional science will revolutionize the world of medicine and alter the course of human evolution. Everyone will be genetically screened as an embryo to weed out defects and correct mistakes in their personal genome. 8th scale transhuman cyborgs will even go so far as to have 7^th scale robotic integrations, with microscopic machines making them better. This will be terribly important because there will be very little diversity in the gene pool of the superhumans of the future, who are all bred to be what is considered ideal.

(Source: https://medium.com/)

1. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

A. The energy consumption in the third millennium.       

B. The life in the year 3000.

C. The changes of humans in the far future.                        

D. The way people live in the 30^th century.

2. The word “harness” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. separate            B. replace             C. exploit               D. absorb

3. According to paragraph 2, how can the attitude of the future affect the world?

A. It improves the distance in the relationship of neighborhood.

B. It enhances the diversity of cultures in the society.

C. It brings people closer to others both in nations and in the world.

D. It supports the global economy and ecology of the world.

4. The word “conscientious” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

A. careful                B. dishonest             C. careless                   D. indolent

5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?

A. People and animals will live in their favourite environment.

B. People will not express their emotion in public.

C. It is not strange for men and women to compete with each other.

D. People are safe to walk through the crowded streets with their friends.

6. The word “that” in paragraph 4 refers to __________.

A. cultural memes                         B. each step of the way

C. the great melting pot                D. the metric system

7. The author described the reduction in number of languages in paragraph 4 as an evidence of ___________.

A. the compatibility of humans in the future                      

B. the standard of measurement

C. the development of electronic currency                          

D. the popularity of things

8. What can be the main idea of the last passage?

A. Robots will be advanced to be superhumans of the future.

B. People’s longevity will be increased in the future.

C. Science is the main factor to the change of humans’ appearance.

D. Humans’ physical and mentality will alter in the future.

28. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago. And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than slow down within our lifetime. The developments in technology are bound to have a dramatic effect on the future of work. By 2010, new technology will have revolutionized communications. People will be transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post. Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paper-free society. All the routine tasks they perform. will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so that they will be as obsolete as the horse and cart after the invention of the motor car. one change will make thousands, if not millions, redundant.

         Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are unlikely to escape the effects of new technology. Instead of going to a solicitor, you might go to a computer which is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal information. Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend more efficient courses of treatment. In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more knowledgeable than any human being. Most learning will take place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until another place is created where they can make friends and develop social skills.

         What can we do to avoid the threat of unemployment? We shouldn’t hide our heads in the sand. Unions will try to stop change but they will be fighting a losing battle. People should get computer literate as this just might save them from professional extinction. After all, there will be a few jobs left in law, education and medicine for those few individuals who are capable of writing and programming the software of the future. Strangely enough, there will still be jobs like rubbish collection and cleaning as it is tough to programme tasks which are largely unpredictable.

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1. According to the writer, the rate of change in technology______.

A. will remain the same  B. will slow down     

C. will speed up              D. cannot be predicted

2. The word “obsolete” in the first paragraph is closet in meaning to ______.

A. out of date           B. out of work          C. out of order          D. out of practice

3. From the passage, we can infer that ______.

A. professionals won’t be affected by new technology     

B. doctors won’t be as efficient as computers in the future

C. computers cannot replace lawyers in the future           

D. experts will know less in the future

4. Which is NOT one of the writer’s predictions?

A. Professionals won’t escape change.                                 

B. Children will probably not be taught in schools.

C. Professionals will know less than today.                         

D. Computers could make fairer judgments.

5. According to the passage, in the future children ______.

A. won’t be taught in schools                   B. will learn more than at present

C. won’t have contact with teachers        D. will still learn life skills at schools.

6. According to the writer of the passage, people should right now ______.

A. join a union             B. become cleaners  

C. change their jobs    D. prepare for the future

7. The phrase “hide our heads in the sand” in the passage probably means ______.

A. take care of our heads                    B. ignore an unpleasant situation and wait

C. look ahead and get ready               D. refuse to fight a battle with others

8. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

A. We have witnessed so many progresses in technology for more than 50 years.

B. People who work in communications will develop both in technology and in vast number.

C. In a modern world solicitors prove their important role in protecting human rights.

D. Plays with only be used as a means of educating children.

29. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

A NEW CAPITAL

         When the new state of Pakistan was founded in 1947, Karachi acted as the capital city. However, it was difficult for Karachi to remain in this role due to a number of drawbacks such as the climate and the state of the existing buildings. Rather than try to overcome these drawbacks, the government decided to create a new capital city. In 1959, a commission was established to investigate the possible locations of this new city. The advisor appointed to the commission was Dr Doxiadis, a famous architect and city planner.

         Dr. Doxiadis and his colleagues looked at the various locations. They then produced a report suggesting two possible areas: one just outside Karachi and the other to the north of Rawalpindi. Both locations had advantages as well as disadvantages. Which site was it to be?

         The choice between these two options was made after consideration of many factors, such as transportation, the availabilities of water, economic factors, and factors of national interest. Finally, the site north of Rawalpindi was chosen and on the 24th February 1960, the new capital was given the name of ‘Islamabad’ and a master plan was drawn up. This master plan divided the area into three different sections: Islamabad itself, neighbouring Rawalpindi, and the national park.

         Each of these three sections had a different role. Islamabad would act as the national's capital and would serve its administrative and cultural needs, whereas Rawalpindi would remain the regional centre with industry and commerce. The third piece of the plan, the national park, was planned to provide space for education, recreation, and agriculture.

Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy a pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces. Guide tree-lined streets, elegant public buildings, and well-organised bazaars and shopping centres. The new capital is a superb example of good urban planning.

1. Why was a commission founded in 1959?

A. to overcome the drawbacks of Karachi as a capital city

B. to create a new capital city for Pakistan

C. to look into possibilities of the locations for a new capital city

D. to appoint an advisor for planning the new capital city

2. How many places were suggested for the new capital city in the initial reports?

A. 1                      B. 2                                    C. 3                      D. 4

3. Which of the following factors was NOT considered when choosing the location for the new capital city?          

A. the climate and the state of the existing buildings    

C. economic issues

B. transportation and the availabilities of water                          

D. issues of pational interest

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Islamabad would serve cultural needs.

B. Rawalpindi would be the regional centre with industry and commerce.

C. The national park would provide space for agriculture.

D. Islamabad would play the most important role of all.

5. What does the passage primarily describe?

A. The history of the two capital cities of Pakistan.

B. The disappearance of the old capital city of Pakistan.

C. The reasons why Islamabad became the new capital city of Pakistan.

D. The choice and development of Islamabad as the modern capital of Pakistan.

31. Read the following passage and circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

LESSONS FROM CURITIBA

         Urban planning deals with the physical, economic, and social development of cities. Today urban populations are increasing rapidly, and growing cities are putting enormous pressure on the environment. For this reason, the type of urban planning found in Curitiba, in southern Brazil, is more important than ever.

         Curitiba is a fine example of how urban planning can work. This has not always been the case, however. At one time, Curitiba faced the same problems as many other cities all over the world, namely overcrowding, pollution, and an increased demand for services, transport, and housing. How, then, did Curitiba address these problems?

By the 1940s the population of Curitiba had grown to about 150,000 as immigrants from countries such as Japan, Syria, and Lebanon came to work in agriculture and industry. These people needed both housing and transportation. Curitiba's leaders realised that it was not sensible to deal with these problems separately. Consequently, they employed a French planner and architect, Alfred Agache, to find an overall solution.

         Agache studied all aspects of the problem. He designed a scheme which gave priority to public services such as sanitation and public transport. At the same time, the scheme included centres which helped both community life and commerce to develop, and reduced traffic congestion. This was the first scheme to address several problems of growing cities at the same time. Unfortunately, some parts of his plan were not completed. The result, as described below, was that his scheme only served Curitiba for another 20 years.

         By the 1960s, the population of Curitiba had grown to about 430,000 inhabitants, so the city had to rethink its needs. In order to do this, the mayor put together a team of architects and town planners led by Jaime Lerner. This team produced the Curitiba Master Plan. This consisted of taking Agache's original plan and adding wide, high-speed roads which crossed the smaller streets. Their proposals also included plans to minimise urban growth, reduce city centre traffic, and preserve the city's historic district. It is clear that the Curitiba Master Plan was one of the first attempts to integrate all aspects of city planning.

         This integrated approach to urban design was maintained throughout the 1980s as Curitiba's population grew to almost one million inhabitants. Environmental facilities were added, such as a recycling programme for household waste, and parks and 'green' spaces were protected from development. However, good transportation remained central to the planning.

         Good transportation still remains a priority, together with the needs for jobs. A growing population needs employment, so business parks and centres have been added to encourage new small businesses. All these changes will continue be the population of Curitiba increases, but its city planners are continually searching for solutions to the problems.

1. What aspect of development does urban planning NOT deal with?

A. physical development                                 

B. technical development

C. economic development.                                               

D. social development

2. How many problems are mentioned in the passage as commonly shared by many cities?

A. 2                     B. 3                     C. 4          D. 5

3. What was the main cause of the increase in Curitiba's population Delore the 1940s?

A. immigrants from rural areas                       

B. workers in business park

C. immigrants from neighbouring countries   

D. immigrants from Japan, Syria, and Lebanon

4. In what ways was Agache’s approach different?

A. His scheme gave priority to public services.

B. His scheme included centres which helped both community life and commerce to develop.

C. His scheme reduced traffic congestion.

D. His scheme addressed several problems at the same time.

5. What did the Curitiba Master Plan do?

A. added better road system                         B. reduced urban growth

C. prohibit city-centre traffic                           D. all of the above

6. What was new about the approach to the planning in the 1980s?

A. It was an integrated approach.                 

B. Environmental facilities were introduced.

C. Good transportation was the key.             

D. It provided housing for one million inhabitants.

7. The new thing about the current approach to urban planning is_________.

A. new small businesses                       B. good transport

C. the need for jobs                              D. the appearance of business parks

8. Which statement best describes the author's opinion of the Curitiba experience of urban planning?

A. It was a complete success.

B. The challenges for urban planners in Curitiba were many.

C. Other city planners could benefit greatly from this experience.

D. It was a once-and-done plan.

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