UNIT 5: GLOBAL WARMING

 

EXERCISES

1. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. cause                                     B.  trap                                    C. gas     D.  act

2. A. coal                                       B.  soot                                   C. global                                             D.  goal

3. A. refer                                     B.  remind                             C. release                                           D.  effect

4. A. produce                               B.  pollute                             C. carbon                                            D.  polar

5. A. forest                                    B.  remove                             C. expert                                             D.  emit

6. A. methane                              B.  landfill                             C. balance                                          D.  annual

7. A. carbon                                 B.  slogan                              C. amount                                          D.  climate

8. A. challenge                             B.  change                             C. greenhouse                                   D.  energy

9. A. solid                                      B.  solution                           C. positive                                          D.  crop

10. A. combine                         B.  power                              C. provide                                          D.  method

2. Circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

11. A. global                             B.  remind                             C. release                                           D.  produce

12. A. consequence                B.  temperature                   C. atmosphere                                  D.  renewable

13. A. annual                            B.  balance                            C. forest D.  remove

14. A. balance                          B.  carbon                             C. methane                                        D.  release

15. A. fossil                               B.  refer                                 C. greenhouse                                   D.  level

16. A. pollutant                        B.  energy                              C. atmosphere                                  D.  negative

17. A. material                         B.  deforest                           C. consequence                                D.  pollution

18. A. substance                      B.  solid                                  C. suffer D.  discuss

19. A. remove                          B.  climate                             C. emit   D.  reduce

20. A. responsible                   B.  renewable                       C. temperature                                 D.  emission

3. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the brackets, using present participles and past participles

1. _________________ (build) in the 15th century, this house is the oldest in this area.

2. The children were sitting on the floor, ___________________ (play) with their toys.

3. _____________________ (Prepare) by the best cook in town, the meal was sheer poetry.

4. ___________________ (Lie) on the sofa, they were watching TV.

5. ___________________ (play) more than a million times on Youtube, my latest song is doing amazing

6. ___________________ (motivate) by his friends, Ron accepted the job offer.

7. ___________________ (hold) a cup of coffee in her hands, Jyoti watched us play cricket.

8. ___________________ (renovate) recently, my house is shining like a diamond

9. The cat hid behind a wall, ___________________ (watch) the mouse eat cheese

10. ___________________ (miss) the college days, I called my friends.

11. ___________________ (look) at the positive side of the job offer, Max accepted it

12. ___________________ (surround) by police officers, the bank robber gave up.

13. ___________________  (sit) in the rocking chair, the old woman looked at the kids in her yard.

14. I opened the mail, ___________________  (shake) with excitement.

15. ___________________  (confuse) by the homework assignment, I emailed my professor.

16. ___________________ (encourage) by all the teachers, Alex joined the IAS coaching.

17. _______________(finish) my homework, I breathed a sigh of relief.

18. _______________(wrap) the sandwiches in tinfoil, they were rgoing to open the restaurant

19. ___________________ (remove) his glasses, the professor shook his head with disappointment

20. ___________________ (smile) from ear to ear, Anne opened the present.

21. ___________________ (arrive) at the store, I found that it was closed.

22. ___________________ (speed) down the highway, Bob didn't notice the police car

23. ___________________ (write) by a famous author, the book was a best-seller.

24. ___________________ (feel) sympathy for Martin, Daryl offered to help.

25. ___________________ (realize) that there was no hope to save his business, he gave up.

26. ___________________ (surprise) at my reaction, she tried to console me.

27. ___________________ (scare) of making mistakes, he answered very slowly.

4. Circle the underlined part that needs corection

1. Sat by the beach, I kept thinking about how my life has changed.

2. Raising out of the sea in front of us, the sun started to warm our faces.

3. Printing on the very first press, the document was extremely valuable

4. The boys loved their boxing gloves, worn them even to bed

5. Breathed heavily, the runner entered the final lap of the race.

6. Tiring from a long day at school, Fatima listened to music to relax

7. Furiously searched for the answers in the textbook, Jessy became confused during the test

8. Inventing by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine

9. Frustrating with the job and the people he was working with, he left the company.

10. Impressing by the performance, the audience applauded the actor.

11. Listened to his favorite songs, Max checked all the papers and signed the posters.

12. Appreciated us for the achievement, our principal handed over the cash prizes.

13. Considering the best application for learning English, my English learning application just crossed 1 billion downloads

14. Discouraging by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.

15. Tiring by the morning's work, I got myself a cup of coffee and sat down.

 

5. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box

extinction	deforestation	Greenhouse	emissions
reduce	footprint	energy
climate	responsible	temperature

 

1. Having measured the company's carbon _______________________, they realised that the amount of carbon dioxide (CO) it produced was great.

2. The alarming rate of __________________________ results in damage to the quality of the land.

3. A large amount of carbon dioxide ________________________________ are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

4. Many species are threatened with _____________________________ due to deforestation and loss of habit.

5. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary _______________________________ gases that cause global warming.

6. Planting more trees can ___________________ carbon dioxide in order to save our environment.

7. I believe that the only way for us to reduce global warming is to cut down on ______________________ use.

8. As global _______________rise, there are more cases of heat-related diseases

9. Motor vehicles running on petrol are ___________________ for a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions

10. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of _______________ change.

6. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box

soot	progress	fossil	renewable
released	negative	organic
pollutants	space	call

 

1. The governments are making significant ___________________ in fighting deforestation

2. Breathing in dust and ___________________, which is produced when wood is burned, caused lung problems.

3. The organisations ______________ for urgent actions to protect the environment.

4. There is a need to limit the amount of greenhouse gases being ___________________ into the atmosphere

5. Supermarkets have recognized the increasing popularity of __________________ food, which are produced without using chemicals

6. The air pollution has had a very ___________________ effect/impact on human health

7. The forest was cut down to make ___________________ for farming

8. Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when ___________________ fuels are burned.

9. By increasing the use of ___________________ energy, we can reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions and help to lessen the effect of climate change.

10. Buses emit between 20 and 100 times fewer ___________________ per person than motorcycles and cars.

 

7. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box

lead to    result from    give off    take i     refers to cut down    suffer from    throw away    used up    calls for

 

1. US consumers __________________ around 100 billion plastic bags annually.

2. Climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere _______________ the loss of trees and other vegetation

3. The current environmental pollution ______________________ cooperation of world leaders.

4. They have _________________ forests to clear land for cattle.

5. Increasing numbers of people __________________ lung cancer because of air pollution

6. Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock _________________ the rise in the earth’s temperature.

7. Plants __________________ carbon dioxide from the air

8. The forest fires __________________ thick black smoke and cause loss of habitat for animals and plants

9. The term “Greenhouse gas” _____________________ carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or methane

10. The earth's resources are being __________________ at an alarming rate.

 

 

8. Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals

1. Heat-trapping _________________ are known as greenhouse gases and they result in greenhouse effect (POLLUTE)

2. Many people are very concerned about the _________________ of the rainforests. (DESTROY)

3. Farming contributes more than 30 percent of the total greenhouse gas _____________________. (EMIT)

4. The overuse of chemical fertilizer ______________________ the environment. (THREAT)

5. The main cause of ______________ warming is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and coal. (GLOBE)

6. The _____________________ of the earth's atmosphere causes sea-level rise. (WARM)

7. Many animal species are in danger of _____________________ due to the loss of their habitat and inability to adapt to climate change. (EXTINCT)

8. Soot from open waste burning has a strong warming ___________________ on the earth (AFFECT)

9. Methane is much more _________________ than carbon dioxide (DANGER)

10. Flooded rice field also make it easier for soil ___________________ to produce greenhouse gases (BACTERIUM)

11. ___________________________ energy is natural energy source such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always available. (NEW)

12. World leaders, climate experts and national _______________________ will carefully disucss the measures to make global progress on climate change (REPRESENT)

13. Recycling is an effective _______________________ to environemental pollution (SOLVE)

14. Methane comes from farming ____________________ and landfill waste (ACT)

15. The _______________________ and use of coal, oil, and natural gas also release methane (PRODUCE)

16. Madagascar suffers from a high rate of ___________________ (FOREST).

17. When people can understand clearly the __________ impacts, they will be more aware of conserving forests. (environment)

18. Air __________ can cause acid rain which damages water, soil and vegetation. (pollute)

 

9. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition

1. She came up up new ideas to cut down _____________ carbon footprint.

2. Having cut down the forests to make space _____________ farming, now local people have to suffer severe flood.

3. Global warming is the rise/ increase _____________ the world’s temperature

4. I will focus on the effects of global warming of people’s health and life _____________ Earth in general.

5. Greenhouse gas emissions fromfactories and vehicles are the biggest threats ___________ our planet.

6. Global warming leads _____________ climate change, allowing for infectious diseases to spread more easily.

7. It also has severe impact _____________ water supplies and threaten food production.

8. Trees take _____________ CO2 and give _____________ O2

9. In the US, motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible ___________ about 33% of CO2 emissions.

10. The situation is getting worse as the demand _____________ cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.

11. Global warming also results _____________ severe weather-related natural disasters

12. Hundreds of millions of people may suffer _____________ famine, water shortages and extreme weather patterns.

13. Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide released _____________ the atmosphere

14. Emission means a gas or other substance which is sent _____________ the air

15. Young kids also make significant contribution _____________ the slowing down of global warming.

16. She referred _____________ the solution several times during her speech about ways to preserve the environment

17. Renewable energy can be replaced naturally without being used _____________

18. Black carbon speeding _______________ melting of glaciers, and rising sea level

19. Carbon from fossil fuels combines _______________ oxygen in the air to form large amoutns of CO2

20. We should recycle plastic bags rather than throw _____________ in order to protect the environment

21. Some farmers were worried ______________ the consequences of deforestation, so they stopped burning trees

22. Fossil fuels will be used up in this century while renewable energy will never run ____________

23. Farming provides us ______________ the food that we eat every day

24. Numerous farmers now switch _______________ biological fertilizers to boost the crop growth

25. Global warming is linked ______________ rising sea levels because it can lead to polar ice melting

26. Rising temperatures have already been contributing _______________ faster melting of glaciers.

27. Trapping too much of the sun’s heat, greenhouse gases stop it _______________ escaping back into space

 

10. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1. ______________ is the increase in the temperature on Earth

A, Greenhouse effect                  B, Global warming              C, Climate change                                           D, Ecological balance

2. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of ________

A, global warming                       B, ecological balance             C, climate change                D, carbon footprint.

3. Certain ______in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from escaping.

A. effects                                        B. emission                           C. gases D. layers

4. _____________ means changes in the earth’s weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall.

A, global warming                       B, ecological imbalance           C, greenhouse effect              D, climate change

5. Greenhouse gas __________ from factories and vehicles can result in global warming

A, emit                                             B, emissions                         C, effects                          D, causes

6. Most of the jungle was ________________ to get wood in order to produce paper products.

A, deforested                                 B, threatened                        C, warned                       D, emitted

7. A large amount of carbon dioxide __________ are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

A, emissions                                  B, carbon footprint             C, emit                             D, greenhouse gas

8. Oil spills are a great ____________ to the undersea world

A, threat                                         B, threaten                            C, threatened                                    D, threateningly

9. After we read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars _________ to climate change, we determined to reduce our carbon footprint.

A, devote                                       B, contribute                        C, result D, cause

10. Too many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may block heat from escaping into space and trap too much heat next to the Earth’s surface causing _______

A, another ice age                        B, global warming              C, earthquakes                                 D, volcanic eruptions

11. A strong greenhouse effect will warm the oceans, melt glaciers and increase __________.
    A. temperature                             B. sea water                          C. sea level  D. pollution

12. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ________ that cause global warming.

A. greenhouse effect                   B. natural gas                       C. greenhouse gases D. natural resource

13. Computers have had a great impact _____ our lives since their appearance.

A. on                                               B. at                                        C. for       D. to

14. The crash resulted ________ the death of 10 passengers

A, to                                                 B, at                                  C, into                                      D, in

15. The primary causes of species extinction result _________habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution.

A. in                                                   B. of                                  C. for                                      D. from

16. ________________ is destroying larger areas of tropical rain forests

A, Afforestation                            B, Deforestation                  C, Reforestation                               D, Forestry

17. The government ___________ the flood victims with food, clothes and money.

A, gave                                           B, provided                           C, offered                                           D, presented

18. Some animals go ___________ because climate where they live changes

A, extinct                                       B, extinction                         C, extinctive                                      D, dead

19. Development of the area would ___________ wildlife

A, danger                                       B, dangerous                        C, endanger                                       D, dangerously

20. An __________ species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.

A, endangered                              B, endanger                          C, dangerous                                     D, danger

21. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ___________ the loss of biodiversity

A, with                                            B, at                                        C, in  D, from

22. This species of African elephants is ___________

A. dying out                                   B. dying of                            C. dying on D. dying down

23. ___________ is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals.

A. Defoliation                               B. Deforestation                  C. Deformation                                 D. Degradation

24. Limiting the global temperature rise requires __________ global CO2 emissions

A. reduce                                       B. to reduce                          C. reducing                                        D. reduced

25. The tiger is ___________ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.

A. on the wing                              B. on the rocks                     C. on the verge       D. on the ground

26. Switching to ___________ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.

A. energy-wasting                       B. energy-expending          C. energy-lacking                                           D. energy-saving

27. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to ___________ energy in the home.

A. take care of                               B. use                                     C. keep  D. conserve

28. Nowadays, people are searching for more ___________ materials to build their houses.

A. environment-friendly            B. environmentally-friendly

C. environmental-friendly         D. environmental-friend

29. Every ___________ piece of equipment was sent to the fire.

A. consumable                              B. spendable                        C. available                                        D. disposable

30. Police are ___________ significant progress in fighting computer crime.

A. doing                                          B. making                              C. paying                                            D. giving

31. In the ___________ agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers.

A. sustainable                               B. conserving                       C. preserving       D. supporting

32. In Singapore, people try to ___________ 80% of all waste.

A. reprocess                                  B. reclaim                             C. recycle                                           D. reuse

33. We need to act quickly to ___________ to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet.

A. adapt                                          B. go back                             C. reverse                                           D. transit

34. There's no easy solution ________ this problem.

A. at                                                B. for                                      C. with       D. to

35. My sister ________ me not to trust him.

A. caused                                       B. warned                             C. refused                                           D. denied

36. I've ________ of milk - would you like some creamer instead?  

A. picked up                                  B. run out                             C. hung up D. taken up

37. ________! There's a car coming!

A. Put back                                    B. Go off                                C. Watch out       D. Run out

38. During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.

A. injury                                         B. pollution                           C. damage                                          D. hurt

39. There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.

A. enhance                                    B. protect                              C. make D. build

40. Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and your home uses sources of ____ energy.

A. recycling                                   B. reused                               C. renewable       D. recyclable

41. Most of the air pollution results ____ the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.

A. in   B. to                                     C. on                                       D. from

42. Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible.

A. increasingly                             B. increasing                        C. increase                                         D. increased

43. _________air makes people unpleasant to breathe.

a. Pollute                                        b. Pollution^.                          c. Polluted                                         d. Polluting

44. People are destroying the air by adding _________ to it.

A. pollutants                                 B. polluters                           C. pollution        D. polluted

45. Nonrenewable energy has negative ______________ on the environment.

A, impact                                         B, benefit                                 C, quality                         D, warning

46. People will mainly use __________ fuels such as wind and sun energy for transport.

A, fossil                                            B, nonrenewable                        C, effective                       D, renewable

47. People’s lives will continue to be _________ because of the continuous risk of earthquakes and tsunamis here.

A, threat                                          B, threatening                      C, threatened                  D, satisfied

48. The overuse of _____________ fertilisers and deforestation contribute to global warming

A, chemist                                       B, chemistry                          C, chemical                      D, chemist’s

49. We need to preserve the ______________ of wildlife because each of species has an important role to play.

A, various                                       B, diverse                               C, diversity                       D, extinction

50. ____________________ include coal, oil and natural gas.

A, Pollutants                                  B, Renewable energy         C, Fossil fuels                   D, Chemical fertilizers

51. Coal, gas and oil are ______________ forms of energy that cannot be replaced after used.

A, unlimited                                   B, renewable                         C, nonrenewable               D, contaminated

52. The _____________ is the natural world in which people, animals and plants live

A, ecosystem                                 B, ecology                              C, nature                        D, environment

53. As a student, I think I should study more and be more responsible for making contribution ______ preserving our environment better.

1. on                                              B. of                                        C. from       D. to

 

11. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)

1. Greenhouse gas emissions from factories and vehicles can cause global warming

A, cars                                            B, transportation                C, burning                                          D, station

2. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies and upset ecological balance

A, positive                                     B, negative                            C, serious                                           D, remarkable

3. People should change their daily habits to reduce their carbon footprint.

A, rise                                             B, raise                                  C, decline                                           D, remain

4. Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth.

A. risks                                            B. annoyances                   C. fears                                      D. irritations

5. The 1908 Siberian meteorite explosion brought about considerable depletion of the northern hemisphere's ozone layer. 

A. was caused by                          B. resulted in                        C. brought back                     D. was initiated by

6. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

A. discourages                              B. reduces                             C. relaxes       D. discharges

7. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused electronic devices.

A. reuse                                          B. reduce                               C. recycle       D. reproduce

8. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.

A. results from                             B. causes                               C. originates       D. is due to

9. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.

A. damaged                                   B. spoilt                                 C. treated       D. endangered

10. We may help to control global warming by reducing carbon footprints in our homes.

A. putting up with                       B. getting down to              C. cutting down on D. going back to

11. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

A. intake                                         B. retake                               C. uptake                                            D. discharge

12. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.

A. afforestation                            B. reforestation                   C. logging       D. lawn mowing

13. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies.

A. very good                                  B. very bad                           C. normal                                           D. long-lasting

14. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun.

A. catch                                          B. discharge                         C. dispose       D. release

15. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.

A. sureties                                     B. certainties                        C. dangers       D. safety

16. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.

A. causes                                        B. factors                               C. concerns       D. agreements

17. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power plants.

A. fauna                                          B. flora                                   C. trees  D. factories

18. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.

A. need                                           B. offer                                   C . reply       D. discovery

19. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A. take up                                      B. take in                               C. take over       D. take to

20. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.

A. family                                        B. obesity                              C. hygiene                                          D. hunger

21. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests.

A. similarity                                  B. identity                             C. variety       D. compatibility

22. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and conserve natural resources.

A. preserve                                    B. reserve                              C. converse       D. reverse

23. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.

A. results from                             B. causes                               C. originates       D. is due to

24. Some people predict the extinction of some animals because of loss of habitat

A. conservation                            B. protection                        C. threat                                             D. disappearance

25. Most of the forest was destroyed because some people cut down trees to produce paper

A. changed                                    B. damaged                          C. increased                                       D. installed

26. The river was polluted when the residents released a huge amount of sewage

A. comtaminated                         B. disappeared                    C. purified                                          D. endangered

27. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.

A. damaged                                   B. spoilt                                 C. treated       D. endangered

28. For calculating a calendar, it is convenient to use the tropical solar year.

A. practical                                    B.  critical                              C. necessary                                      D. appropriate

29. The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.
    A. speed                                         B. expect more                     C. do better                 D. treat better

30. We oppose this war, as we would do any other war which created an environmental catastrophe.

A. pollution                                   B. disaster                             C. convention       D. epidemic

31. Many young children are spending large amounts of time watching the TV without being aware of its detriment to their school work.

A. harm                                          B. advantage                        C. support        D. benefit

32. Watch out! The tree is going to fall.

A. Look out                                    B. Look up                             C. Look on        D. Look after

33. The crew divided the life preservers among the twenty terrified passengers as the ship began to sink.                                   

A. exhausted                                 B. surprised                          C. frightened       D. excited

34. As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna of the island.

A. fruits and vegetables             B. flowers and trees 

C. plants and animals                 D. mountains and forests

35. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for collectors and poachers.

A. awareness                                B. preservation                    C. support       D. impact

36. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.

A. reserve                                      B. generation                       C. natural environment                                 D. diversity

37. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.

A. raise                                           B. produce                            C. supply       D. reserve

38. Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation needs.

A. effort                                          B. benefit                               C. exploitation       D. knowledge

39. The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.

A. speed                                         B. expectation                      C. improvement       D. treatment

40. Telecommunication is bound to have a huge influence on various aspects of our lives.

A. depression                               B. technique                         C. expect        D. impact

41. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.

A. destruction                               B. contamination                C. fertilizer       D. variety

42. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.

A. vanishing                                  B. damaging                         C. polluting       D. destroying

43. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.

A. organization                            B. contamination                C. protection       D. damage

44. Local people have cut down the forests to make space for farming.

A allow farming to take place  B. lose way in farming       C. have a way of farming                                          D. give way to farming

45. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and conserve natural resources.

A. preserve                                    B. reserve                              C. converse       D. reverse

46. Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.

A. product                                     B. example                            C. harm D. result

 

128. 12. Circle A.  B.  C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)

1. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.

A. Shrinking                                  B. Declining                          C. Decreasing       D. Increasing

2. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.

A. result in                                     B. result from                       C. cause D. activate

3. There is growing concern about the way man has destroyed the environment.

A. attraction                                  B. consideration                  C. ease       D. speculation

4. The Red Cross is an international humanitarian agency dedicated to reducing the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians and prisoners of war. 

A. worry and sadness                 B. pain and sorrow             C. loss       D. happiness

1. 1. The earth is being threatened and the future looks bad.

A. done                                           B. made                                 C. defended                                       D. varied

5. His policies were beneficial to the economy as a whole.

A. harmless                                   B. crude                                 C. harmful                                          D. innocent

6. "Be quick! We must speed up if we don’t want to miss the flight. "

A. turn down                                 B. look up                              C. slow down                    D. put forward

7. The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary measures.

A. damaging                                  B. beneficial                         C. severe       D. physical

8. Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

A. vivid                                           B. risky                                  C. dangerous                                     D. secure

9. The river was polluted when the residents released a huge amount of sewage

A. comtaminated                         B. disappeared                    C. purified                                          D. endangered

10. Without conservation, all resources necessary for life would be damaged, wasted or destroyed.

A. preservation                            B. exploitation                     C. protection                                     D. change

11. The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather condition. There has been heavy rain for some days.

A. unfavorable                             B. bad                                    C. advantageous                               D. changeable

12. These chemicals have a detrimental impact on the environment They may cause land and water pollution.

A. harmless                                   B. harmful                            C. damaging                                      D. injurious

13. Adverse weather conditions made it difficult to play the game.

A. favorable                                  B. bad                                    C. comfortable                                  D. severe

14. There was a long period without rain in the countryside last year so the harvest was poor.

A. epidemic                                   B. drought                            C. famine                                            D. flood

15. We have to husband our resources to make sure we make it through these hard times.

A. spend                                         B. manage                             C. use up D. marry

16. On the negative side, the labour market is still weak.

      A. worse                                   B. effectless                          C. bad    D. positive

 

13. Circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

1. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of global warming.

   ~ Nam: What are the main threats to the environment today?

   ~ Lan:  ".................."

A. Threats are possible dangers to the environment.        B. Probably deforestation and global warming.

C. Environmental pollution is a big issue for our planet.  D. We need a clean environment to live in.

2. ~ Nam: What causes global warming?

   ~ Lan: ".................."

A. Changes in weather patterns resulting from global warming.

B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.

C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming.

D. Common global warming consequences.

3. ~ Nam: What are the consequences of global warming?

   ~ Lan: ".................."

A. Global warming causes many consequences.                  B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic.

C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.              D. More trees are being cut down.

4. ~ Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the environment?

  ~ Nam: "..................

A. Only ordinary people can do to help the environment.  B. Environment really needs our help.

C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.           D. Both governments and individuals are to blame on.

5. ~ Nam: Do you do anything to protect the environment?

  ~ Lan: ".................."

A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as possible.

B. I use a lot of plastic bags and containers to save the environmen

C. I'm not interested in the subject of environment.

D. I don't want to change my lifestyle.

6. ~ Lan: What solution to air pollution can you suggest?

  ~ Nam: ".................."

A. Air pollution is really serious these days.                        B. Smoke from factory chimneys pollutes the air.

C. Air pollution causes acid rain.                                             D. People should use public means of transport.

7. ~ Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country?

  ~ Lan: ".................."

A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.                       B. All countries face environmental problems.

C. No one can help protect the environment.                       D. Our country is facing the biggest environmental problem.

8. ~ Nam: Is global warming a problem in our country?

 ~ Lan: ".................."

A. Global warming is getting more and more serious.

B. Governments are closely working together to solve environmental problems.

C. Global warming causes sea level to rise.

D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the area.

9. ~ Nam: Why is global warming a problem?

 ~ Lan: ".................."

A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather patterns.

B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas.

C. There's no need to worry about global warming.

D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation.

10. ~ Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation?         ~ Nam: ".................."

A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products.                                       B. We may cut down trees at an alarming rate.

C. Wie should only cut branches of big trees.                       D. We should set up animal ranches near forests.

11. ~ Nam: What will happen if the low-lying areas are flooded?      ~ Lan: …………………..

A. Low-lying areas are often flooded.                                    B. Flood happens when water level rises

C. Low-lying areas can never be flooded.                              D. People in these regions will have to face a lot of problems.

12. ~ Nam: What are global warming gases?                  ~ Lan: ".................."

A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made.                 B. Global warming gases are everywhere.

C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.                   D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.

13. ~ Lan: What can government do to punish factories that violate environmental law?   ~ Nam: ".................."

A. So many of them are polluting the environment.           B. Yes, I think a big fine would be relevant.

C. They may force those factories to close down.               D. There are no factories in this region.

14. ~ Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most?      ~ Nam: ".................."

A. What are global warming effects?                                      B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.

C. All people suffer from global warming.                             D. Only few people benefit from global warming.

15. ~ Lan: What do you do to help the environment?   ~ Nam: ".................."

A. It is the responsibility of the government.                       B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.

C. Everyone can protect the environment.                            D. Environment helps people live comfortably.

16. Peter and Dane are talking about environmental protection.

      - Peter: “We should limit the use of plastic bags.”

      - Dane: “____________. We can use paper bags instead.”

      A. I completely agree.           B. It’s not true.                     C. I don’t quite agree D. You’re wrong.

17. David is apologising to his teacher for being late.

      - David: “Sorry I’m late! The traffic is so heavy.”

      - Teacher: “____________. Come in and sit down.”

      A. You’re so kind                    B. It’s alright                        C. Me neither                                           D. Thank you

18. Peter and Mary are talking about social networks.

      - Peter: “Using social networks may have negative effects on students.”

      - Mary: “____________. It distracts them from their studies.”

      A. I’m not sure about that    B. I don’t quite agree         C. You’re wrong                                             D. That’s quite true

19. Linda and Peter are talking about safe driving.

      - Linda: “I think drink-driving should be severely punished.”

      - Peter: “____________. It may cause accidents or even deaths.”

      A. You must be kidding                                                        B. I don’t think so

      C. I don’t understand what you mean                              D. I absolutely agree with you

20. A porter is talking to Mary in the hotel lobby.

      - Porter: “May I help you with your suitcase?”

      - Mary: “____________”

      A. What a shame                    B. Me too                              C. You’re welcome                                        D. Yes, please

21. Porter: “Shall I help you with your suitcase?”

      - Mary: “____________”

      A. Not a chance.                     B. That’s very kind of you.   C. I can’t agree more.      D. What a pity!

22. Maria and Alex are talking about the environment.

      - Maria: “Our environment is getting more and more polluted. Do you think so?”

      - Alex: “____________. It’s really worrying.”

      A. I’ll think about that           B. I don’t agree                    C. I don’t think so D. I can’t agree more

23. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel.

      - Liz: “Guess what? My first novel has just been published.”

      - Andrew: “____________”

      A. It’s my pleasure.                B. Congratulations!            C. Better luck next time!  D. It’s very kind of you.

24. 25. Mrs Smith and her students are visiting the zoo.

      - Mike: “Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs Smith?”

      - Mrs Smith: “____________. The sign says ‘No feeding the animals’.”

      A. Of course you can             B. I don’t think it works    C. I’m sure about that    D. I’m afraid not

25. Nancy and James are talking about their school days.

      - Nancy: “I think school days are the best time of our lives.”

      - James: “____________. We had sweet memories together then.”

      A. I’m afraid so                       B. Absolutely.                      C. That’s nonsense                                       D. I doubt it

 

14. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged, using participles

1. She was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.
   Talking _____________________________

2. Since we watch the news every day we know what's going on in the world.
   Watching _____________________________

3. They are vegetarians and don't eat meat.
   Being ________________________________

4. The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.
   Wagging _________________________________

5. While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.
   Tidying _______________________________

6. He was a good boy and helped his mother in the kitchen.
   Being _______________________________

7. As they didn't have enough money they spent their holidays at home last year.
   Not having _______________________________

8. The man was sitting in the cafe. He was reading a paper.
   The man _______________________________

9. Since I didn't feel well I didn't go to the cinema.
   Not feeling _____________________________

10. She walked home and met an old friend.
     

15. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged, using participles

1. He was accused of murder and arrested.
   Accused ____________________________

2. She was shocked by the bad news and burst into tears.
   Shocked _____________________________

3. The event is organised by our team and will surely be a great success.
   Organised ____________________________

4. The film is based on real events and tells the story of a reporter.
   Based ____________________________

5. She was born in Hollywood and knows all the famous movie stars.
   Born _____________________________

6. The car was taken to the garage. It was repaired within an hour.
   Taken _____________________________

7. She was admired by everyone and began to grow arrogant.
   Admired ____________________________

8. He was dumped by his girlfriend and felt really depressed.
   Dumped _____________________________

 

16. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged, using participles

1. She lay in her bed and wept bitter tears. 

She _________________________________

2. She stood at the corner and talked to her friends. 

She _________________________________

3. The children went from house to house. They played trick or treat. 

The children __________________________

4. He was very tall. He became a basketball player. 

Being _______________________________

5. He was waiting in the hall. He overheard a conversation. 

Waiting _________________________________

6. We were sitting in the bus shelter and waited for the rain to stop. 

We ______________________________________

7. We had great fun at the party. We played silly games. 

We _____________________________________

8. They were chatting along and didn't see the car coming. 

Chatting __________________________________

9. He was picked up by his mother and didn't have to wait for the bus. 

Picked ___________________________________

10. She was listening to the radio and didn't hear the doorbell. 

Listening __________________________________

 

17. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged, using participles

1. As she was on holiday, she couldn't go to the party.
   → Being _____________________________

2. While she was preparing dinner, she cut her finger.
   → While ______________________________

3. When I travel around Ireland, I always stay in youth hostels.
   → When _______________________________

4. Since she didn't hear the doorbell, she missed the delivery.
   → Not ______________________________

5. Since he didn't feel well, he stayed in bed.
   → Not _______________________________

6. She held his hand and led him through the crowd.

Holding ___________________________________

7. She opened the drawer and took out a book.

Opening ___________________________________

8. As he feared that he did not have enough money to support his family, he worked overtime.

Fearing _______________________________________

9. While I fully understand your problem, I can’t allow you to break the rules

While _________________________________________

10. While I was walking along the street I saw an accident.

Walking ______________________________________

 

18. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged, using participles

1. I often saw her at the disco. She was surrounded by her admirers.

I _______________________________________

2. He was loved by all who knew her. He devoted his life to others.

Loved ____________________________________

3. If I am accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

Accepted _____________________________________

4. I was exhausted through lack of sleep and fell asleep at my desk.

Exhausted ____________________________________

5. Since it was written many years ago, the book is not suitable for youngsters now

Written _______________________________________

6. Since I was promoted, I’ve had no time to go out.

Promoted _____________________________________

7. When it is seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but it is lovely inside.

Seen _________________________________________

8. If we are elected, we will increase the value of pensions.

Elected _________________________________________

9. Unless it is destroyed, this material could have damaging consequences.

Destroyed ____________________________________

 

19. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer

Quét mã QR code hoặc click vào để nghe

1) According to the speaker, greenhouse gases are produced by...

a) heat from the sun                                                                   b) the actions of people

c) the sun's rays, and also the actions of people                 d) the video doesn't say

2) Which of these things is a greenhouse gas?

a) carbon monoxide                   b) carbon dioxide

c) oxygen                                       d) the video doesn't say

3) Which of these ways to generate power provides a clean source of energy?

a) gas                                              b) oil                                      c) wind power                                             d) they are all clean sources of energy

4) Which of these things can help reduce levels of carbon dioxide?

a) driving to work                       b) heating with coal instead of gas

c) using public transport           d) leaving your TV on standby, rather than switching it off

5) Which of these predictions about climate change does the audio make?

a) If the planet gets warmer, then polar bears will become extinct

b) If the planet gets warmer, then we can expect more floods

c) if the planet gets warmer, then fuel will become less expensive

d) if the planet gets warmer, then sea levels will rise

6) The word extinct means...?

a) to become scarce or rare      b) in need of protection

c. to become endangered          d) something that has died out and no longer exists

7) Choose the best answer to complete this statement:

If the planet continues to heat up, ____________ expect to experience more extreme weather.

a) then will we                             b) then can we

c) then we can                              d) then should we

8) Which of these things isn't mentioned in the audio?

a) wave energy                            b) car pooling

c) coral reefs                                d) heat waves

 

20. Listen to the recording and fill in the blank with the words you hear

Quét mã QR code hoặc click vào để nghe

THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

      Climate change is a major problem in the world today. Scientists believe that climate change is mainly (1) ___________________ by an excess of greenhouse gases, like methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. Humans put these into the atmosphere with our everyday activities. The excess of atmospheric carbon dioxide is caused by burning (2) ___________________ , which we use to power our cars. Climate change is expected to cause many (3) ___________________ in the future, such as droughts, strong storms, and the loss of ecosystems. Scientists predict that the Arctic ice will be completely (4) ___________________ by 2050. However, there are lots of simple ways to help prevent this. Using less energy, taking public (5) ___________________ often and eating meat less are all easy ways to fight climate change.

 

21. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

Global warming refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which (1) __________ carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems, (2) __________ rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.

While consensus among nearly all scientists, scientific organizations, and governments is (3)__________ climate change is happening and is caused by human activity, a small minority of voices questions the validity of such assertions and prefers to cast doubt on the preponderance of evidence. Climate change deniers often claim that recent changes (4) __________ to human activity can be seen as part of the natural variations in Earth’s climate and temperature, and that it is difficult or impossible to establish a direct connection between climate change and any single weather event, such as a hurricane. While the latter is generally true, decades of data and analysis support the reality of climate change and the human factor in this process. In any case, economists agree that acting to reduce fossil fuel emissions would be far less expensive than (5) __________ with the consequences of not doing so.

(http://www.takepart.com/flashcards/what-is-climate-change/index.html)

1. A. returns                                 B. repeats                             C. releases                                         D. retakes

2. A. including                             B. making                             C. consisting                                      D. containing

3. A. which                                   B. what                                  C. this     D. that

4. A. attributed                            B. contributed                     C. believed                                         D. talked

5. A. facing                                   B. solving                              C. treating                                          D. dealing

 

22. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are dying. More alarmingly, wildlife is scrambling to keep (1) ____. It’s becoming clear that humans have caused most of the past century’s warming by (2) ____ heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than in the last 650,000 years.

We call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth’s climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. As the Earth spins each day, the new heat swirls with it, (3) ____ up moisture over the oceans, rising here, settling there. It’s changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon.

What will we do to slow this warming? How will we cope (4) ____ the changes we’ve already set into (5) ____? While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know it-coasts, forests, farms and snow-capped mountains-hangs in the balance.

(https://www.nationalgeographic.com)

1. A. space                                    B. pace                                   C. rhythms                                         D. step

2. A. relieving                              B. publishing                        C. releasing                                        D. unraveling

3. A. pick                                      B. to pick                               C. picking                                           D. picks

4. A. with                                      B. on                                       C. at  D. to

5. A. fluctuation                          B. direction                          C. movement                                     D. motion

 

23. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

      Although the earth was formed about 4,500 million years ago, human beings have inhabited it for less than half a million years. Within this time, population (1) __________ hugely and people have had a vast impact (2) ____ the earth. They have long been able to put the forces of nature to use. Now, with modern technology, they have the power to alter the balance of life on earth.

      Reports helped eliminate the dangerous belief that the world had no boundaries and had limitless resources. (3) _______________, ecologists have shown that all forms of life on earth are interconnected, so it follows that all human activity has an effect on the natural environment.

      In recent years, people have been (4)  ________ the environment under stress. As a result, certain raw materials such as timber, water and minerals are beginning to run short. Pollution and the (5)  _______ of waste are already critical issues, and the state of the environment is fast becoming the most pressing problem confronting us all. The way we respond (6) _________ the challenge will have a profound effect on the earth and its life support system

      However, despite all these threats, there are reassuring signs. (7)  __________ the past few decades, the growth in population has been more than matched by food production, indicating that we should be able to feed ourselves for some time yet.

1. A, have increased                   B, has increased                  C, increased                                       D, increases

2. A, in                                           B, on                                       C, at  D, into

3. A, However                             B, Although                          C, Moreover                                      D, But

4. A, taking                                   B, having                               C, putting                                           D, making                            

5. A, burning                                B, disposal                            C, absorbing                                      D, applying

6. A, for                                         B, in                                        C, of  D, to

7. A, Since                                     B, At                                       C, For     D, About

 

24. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

GLOBAL WARMING

      Few people now (1) ___________ the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (2) ________ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures   and   are   convinced that, more   than   (3) __________ before,   the   Earth   is   at   (4) ___________  from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5) ___________ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (6) ___________ and causing sea levels all around the world to (7) ___________.

      Environmental groups are putting (8) ___________ on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (9) __________ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (10) ____________ of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (11) _________.

      Some scientists, (12) ___________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (13) ___________ hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.

1. A. hesitate                                B. realize                               C. disagree                                         D. concern

2. A. give                                       B. put                                     C. take   D. have

3. A. yet                                         B. never                                 C. once  D. ever

4. A. threat                                   B. danger                              C. risk    D. harm

5. A. Concerning                         B. Regarding                        C. Depending                                    D. According

6. A. strict                                     B. severe                               C. strong                                             D. heavy

7. A. raise                                     B. arise                                  C. rise    D. lift

8. A. force                                     B. pressure                           C. persuasion                                    D. encouragement

9. A. off                                         B. away                                  C. up D. over

10. A. belief                              B. request                             C. favour                                            D. suggestion

11. A. factories                        B. generations                     C. houses                                            D. stations

12. A. but                                   B. although                           C. despite                                           D. however

13. A. several                           B. over                                   C. numerous                                      D. various

 

25. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

      Coal, oil, and natural gas supply modern civilization (1) __________ most of its power. However, not only are supplies of these fuels limited, but they are a major source of pollution. If the energy demands of the future are to be met without seriously harming the environment, existing (2) __________ energy sources must be improved or further explored and developed. These include nuclear, water, solar, wind, and geothermal power, as well as energy from new, (3) __________ types of fuels. Each of these alternatives, however, has advantages and disadvantages.

      Nuclear power plants efficiently produce large amounts of electricity without polluting the atmosphere; however, they are costly to build and maintain, and they pose the daunting problem of what to do with nuclear wastes. Hydroelectric power is (4) __________ and environmentally safe, but impractical for communities located far from moving water. Harnessing energy from tides and waves has similar drawbacks. Solar power holds great promise for the future but methods of collecting and –concentrating sunlight are as yet (5) __________, as are methods of harnessing wind power.

1. A. on                                          B. for                                      C. with   D. of

2. A. alternate                              B. alternative                       C. alternatively                                 D. alter

3. A. nonpolluting                       B. pollution                           C. polluted                                         D. polluting                          

4. A. expensively                        B. inexpensively                  C. expensive                                      D. inexpensive                    

5. A. efficient                               B. efficiently                         C. inefficient                                      D. inefficiently

 

26. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME

      We are probably all (1) ____ at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (2) ____ by using our cars when it's not necessary. However, the real environmental (3) ____ are those big businesses which ignore the law. For many years now, (4) ____ have attempted to protect the environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don't add to the (5) ____ of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (6) ____ of the environment costs money, and businesses will always try to (7) ____ their costs if they can. Some of them do this by simply putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with them, leading to the (8) ____ of major problems. Although government (9) ____ may try to catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get (10) ____ that a particular business is responsible for an environmental problem. It really depends (11) ____ not only the government but also businesses and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (12) ____ the environment.

1. A. guilty                                    B. proud                                C. sorry D. tired

2. A. damage                                B. pollution                           C. . accidents       D. trouble

3. A. agents                                  B. crimes                               C. criminals       D. doers

4. A. politicians                           B. politics                              C. parties       D. residents

5. A. induction                             B. construction                    C. instruction       D. destruction

6. A. production                          B. protection                        C. destruction       D. deforestation

7. A. stabilise                               B. raise                                  C. lower       D. save

8. A. creation                               B. creativity                          C. creator                                           D. creature

9. A. suspicion                             B. suspect                             C. inspection       D. inspectors

10. A. improvement               B. proof                                 C. waterproof       D. prove

11. A. over                                B. at                                        C. on D. in

12. A. protecting                     B. protect                              C. protected       D. protection

 

27. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      We are a planet of seven billion people, and this number is growing by about 370,000 people every day. This is putting a huge strain on the planet's natural resources. For many governments and environmental organizations, the race is on to drastically reduce our consumption of resources before they run out.

      Water is one of our most precious resources. Our quality of life, as well as life itself, depends on the availability of clean, fresh water. It is the most widely used resource in industry, and plays a major role in energy production. Although 70 percent of the world is covered in water, only 2.5 percent of that is fresh water, and less than one percent of that freshwater is readily available to us. Yet we often overestimate how much water we have, and reduce it further through pollution or inefficient use.

      Some 92 percent of all fresh water used annually is dedicated to growing plants and raising animals for food. This means that if water runs out, our food supply might follow. In India, it is estimated that future water shortages could reduce grain harvests by 25%. In a country where the population exceeds 1.2 billion people and is growing rapidly every year, this is a huge concern. India, like many developing countries, is already struggling to provide for its population. While most people in developed countries can get water at the turn of a tap, nearly four billion people elsewhere lack access to safe water, according to United Nations Development Report.

      Rain forests are another endangered resource. While rain forests are critically important to humanity, they are rapidly being destroyed by human activities. The biggest cause of deforestation is conversion of forest land for agriculture. Often called the "Lungs of the Planet”, rain forests once covered 14 percent of the Earth's land surface, but this has shrunk to only six percent. Every second, an area of rain forest, the size of a football field, is destroyed at this rate. Rain forests will possibly disappear completely in less than 40 years.

 (Adapted from: Active Reading)

1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Resources for the future.      B. Human and environment.

C. Awareness of conservation. D. Water pollution

2. The word "strain" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________

 A. contradiction                           B. depletion                          C. harmony  D. pressure

3. The word "overestimate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________

 A. increase                                   B. reduce                               C. maintain  D. exaggerate

4. In paragraph 2, water is one of our most precious resources because ________.

A. most parts of the world is covered in fresh water         B. our quality of life depends on the availability of fresh water

C. fresh water is hardly used for energy production.         D. all freshwater on earth is readily available to us.

5. The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.

A. rain forests                              B. humanity                         C. human activities                                        D. resources

6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?

A. Most of the fresh water is used to grow plants and raise animals for food.

B. The availability of clean, fresh water greatly affects our quality of life.

C. Our forests, the "Lungs of the Planet”, are increasing quickly.

D. The deforestation has been caused mainly by conversion of forest land for agriculture. 

7. The word “run out” is CLOSET in meaning to __________

A. are depleted                             B. go out                               C. travel D. are decreased

8. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4?

 A. "The Lung of our Planet" once covered most of the Earth's surface. 

 B. Rain forests are unlimited resources.

 C. Rain forests may disappear in the near future due to the interference of human beings.

 D. The government must be responsible for the shrink of rain forests

 

28. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Scientists believe that something very serious is happening to the Earth. It is becoming warmer. Scientists predict that there will be major changes in the climate during the 21^st century. Coastal waters will have higher temperatures. This will have a serious effect on agriculture. Farmers will have trouble producing good crops. In warm regions, the weather will be too dry. The amount of water could decrease by 50 per cent. This would cause a large decrease in agricultural production.

World temperatures could increase from 1.5 to 5.6 degrees Celsius by the middle of the 21^st century. And the increase in temperature could be even greater in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. A rise in temperature could cause the great ice sheets to melt, which, in turn would raise the level of oceans by one to two meters. Many coastal cities would be underwater. Why is all this happening?

The Earth and its atmosphere are kept warm by the Sun. The atmosphere lets most of the light from the Sun pass through to warm the Earth. The Earth is warmer by the sunlight and sends heat energy back into the atmosphere. Much of this energy escapes from the Earth’s atmosphere. However, some of it remains. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone and water vapor absorb this energy and create more heat. Then, this heat is sent back down to Earth, and the Earth becomes warmer.

Recently, however, an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing serious problems. Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents heat energy from escaping. Too much heat is sent back down to the Earth, and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continues to increase. When oil, gas, and coal burn, they create large amounts of carbon dioxide. The destruction of rain forests that absorb carbon dioxide also helps to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Some scientists believe that the amount of carbon dioxide in the air will double by the late 2000s.

Scientists call this warming of the Earth and its atmosphere “the greenhouse effect”. A greenhouse, made of glass and plastic, is a special place where plants are grown. The sunlight passes through the glass or plastic and warms the air inside. The heat inside escapes very slowly, so the greenhouse remains very warm. This is exactly what is happening on the Earth.

Another reason why the Earth is growing warmer is because of the amount of ozone in our atmosphere. Ozone is a form of oxygen. In the upper atmosphere, very far from the Earth, a layer of ozone helps to protect the Earth from 95 percent of the harmful light that comes from the sun. If your skin receives too much of this light, you would develop skin cancer. We need the ozone layer to protect ourselves. But the ozone layer is in trouble. Scientists have observed that the ozone layer is becoming thin, and above Antarctica there is a hole. This allows too much of the sun’s dangerous light into our atmosphere and makes the Earth warmer.

Scientists say we must start making changes and planning now. We need to continue to do research, so we can predict what will happen in the future. We must burn less coal, oil, and gas. Other scientists believe that the problem is not so serious. They think that the Earth is growing warmer naturally, that we don’t need to worry about it now, and that we should just get ready for life in the warmer climate. Most scientists agree that the causes of the world’s climate are very complicated. They say that we must continue to measure the amount of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere. Scientists also encourage people to learn about the changes that are occurring in the world and how we can all help protect our atmosphere.

(https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/)

1. Which of the following will be one of the consequences of a warmer earth?

      A. Crops will be poor unless they are grown in the green house.

      B. The amount of water will be decreased by half.

      C. Farmer will get into trouble because of the heat.

      D. There will be no winter on earth.

2. A rise in temperature will be more remarkable ____.

      A. in the Arctic and Antarctic regions                               B. in the coastal cities

      C. by the year 2050               D. under the great ice sheets

3. The melting of the polar ice sheets will probably lead to ____.

      A. a rise in global temperature                                           B. the extinction of many polar animals

      C. flooding of many coastal cities                                      D. a serve winter all over the world

4. The Earth wouldn’t become warmer if ____.

      A. the heat energy didn’t escape from the Earth’s atmosphere

      B. sunlight didn’t pass through the atmosphere

      C. the Earth didn’t send heat energy back into the atmosphere

      D. carbon dioxide, ozone and water vapor didn’t retain the heat energy

5. When the rainforests are destroyed ____.

      A. people have to burn coal, oil, gas instead of wood for fuel.

      B. heat energy fails to escape from the atmosphere.

      C. there is nothing to absorb carbon dioxide.

      D. serious problems are caused for the scientists.

6. How useful is the ozone layer?

      A. It protects the earth from the harmful radiation from the sun.

      B. It absorbs much of the carbon dioxide.

      C. It sends the extra heat energy back into space and thus keeps the earth cool.

      D. It helps treat skin cancer.

7. The two factors that directly cause the greenhouse effects are ____.

      A. the destruction of rain forests and the melting of the polar ice

      B. the burning of fossil fuels and the changes of the climate

      C. the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the decrease of the ozone layer

      D. the ignorance of greenhouse owners and the development of skin cancer

8. Which is the best title for the passage?

      A. The global warming         B. The greenhouse effect

      C. The heat energy                D. The change of climate in the poles

 

29. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Rains that are almost biblical, heat waves that don’t end - there’s been a change in the weather lately. What’s going on?

Extreme weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

Peter Miller, a National Geographic columnist, says what is happening to our weather is probably a mixture of numerous factors. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, EI Nino and La Nina, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour - think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing.

Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

(https://www.ngllife.com/wild-weather)

1. The article says extreme weather is ________.

      A. becoming more common                                                B. not a natural occurrence

      C. difficult for scientists to understand                            D. always affecting places where lots of people live

2. Extreme weather can be caused by _______.

      A. very hot and rainy summers                                          B. routine environmental phenomena

      C. human beings’ manufacturing industry                      D. both natural and manmade activities

3. The underlined word “lethal” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

      A. harmless                             B. deadly                               C. beneficial                                      D. modest

4. By writing ‘Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years’ in paragraph 3, the author means ________.

      A. these countries also have drought in the last ten years

      B. these countries have made some records in changing the climate

      C. they are very populous areas in the world

      D. they are also severely affected by extreme weather

5. The underlined word “this” in the passage refers to ______.

      A. the production of greenhouse gases                            B. the heat from the ocean

      C. the growth of ocean temperature                                 D. trapping heat in the atmosphere

6. What happened after pouring rain in Rio de Janeiro?

      A. a bad summer                    B. a severe drought

      C. slides of a large mass of dirt and rock                         D. a period of hot weather

7. Which of the following is considered normal?

      A. greenhouse gases             B. rising sea level

      C. heat-related deaths          D. EI Nino and La Nina

8. According to Michael Oppenheimer ________.

      A. we cannot do anything to change the fact of climate change.

      B. we can limit the effects of extreme weather.

      C. we do not understand the reasons behind extreme weather.

      D. we can adapt to the changes of global weather.

 

30. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder, not easier, for most people This is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure based on the climate we now have.

      People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves, coastal erosion, rising sea level more erratic rainfall, and droughts.

      The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. The ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions are also favourable.

      In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Environment pollution is real.                                            B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.

C. Solutions to global warming.                                               D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.

2. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?

A. All people suffer from global warming.                            B. All people benefit from global warming.

C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people.             D. Life is easier for most people.

3. In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.

A. harder life as a result of global warming                          B. easier life as a result of global warming

C. climate change on global scale                                            D. flood in low-lying areas

4. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. predictable                               B. unpredictable                 C. changeable                                   D. unchangeable

5. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT ____.

A. higher temperature               B. coastal erosion

C. increasing sea level                D. stable rainfall

6. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?

A. They will become extinct.     B. They will increase in number.

C. They will not harm our planet.                                            D. They will be under good control.

 

31. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      The Amazon rainforest is home to more than a third of all the world's species of plants, birds and animals. Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest. Scientists have discovered thousands of types of plants and animals that can only be found there. There are thousands - probably millions more that we haven't discovered yet. There are at least 2.5 million species of insects there. Imagine what would happen if they all lost their home? It couldn't happen, could it? Unfortunately, it's happening right now. Yet, the rainforest is big. But it's getting smaller. The problem is that people are cutting down the trees, mainly to make room for cows. These provide meat and make money for their owners. This process of cutting down trees is called ‘deforestation'.

      The good news is that it is slowing down. In 2004, for example, more than 27,000 square kilometres were cut down. That's an area bigger than Wales. In 2006, because of all the campaigns to save rainforest, it dropped to just over 13,000 square kilometres. The bad news is that it's not enough. Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become smaller by 40%. It's possible that by the end of the 21st century, the rainforest will have completely disappeared. With deforestation, thousands of the animals, birds, fish and plants that live in the Amazon rainforest lose their home, their natural habitat. Some of them move to other areas, but most of them die. Many species have already become extinct, and many more will if deforestation continues. That will change the balance of life in the rainforest and could cause enormous problems to the region's ecosystem.

      There's another problem too. Trees and plants are a vital source of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose that oxygen. But it's worse than just that. With deforestation, the trees and plants are burnt. This sends gases into the Earth's atmosphere, which stops some of the Earth's heat escaping. That then leads to the temperature here on the ground going up. This increase in the world's temperature is called 'global warming', and most scientists believe it's a very serious issue. If they stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming.

1. Which title best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A. Chances for owners of cow ranches                                  B. Threats to Amazon rainforest

C. Global warming effects         D. Habitat destruction

2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. A fifth of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.

B. 20% of all the animals in the world live in the rainforest.

C. Nearly two million species of insects are found in the Amazon rainforest.

D. Nearly half of the world's species of plants grow there.

3. In paragraph 1, the word "room” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. chamber                                    B. flat                                     C. area   D. studio

127. In paragraph 2, the word "it” refers to ____.

A. room                                          B. process                             C. rainforest       D. deforestation

4. According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Amazon rainforest?

A. It has become smaller by 40%.                                           B. The deforestation is decreasing.

C. 25% of animal species are extinct now.                            D. The deforestation is under control.

5. In paragraph 2, the word “enormous” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. serious                                      B. important                         C. common       D. insignificant

6. What might help to restrain global warming?

A. increasing deforestation       B. stabilising deforestation

C. ceasing cutting down trees D. clearing more trees for farming

 

32. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      Right now, the biggest source of energy in the world is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal. More than 80 percent of the world's energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many problems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned, it pollutes the air. Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth, we often cause a lot of damage. Another problem is that we are running out of it. That is why we need new sources of energy. A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power. Thirty-one countries use nuclear power. Many ships also use it.

      Nuclear power has some advantages. First of all, we can't run out of nuclear power. Nuclear power does not make the air dirty. Also, if a country has nuclear power, it doesn't need to buy as much as oil from other countries.

However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, nuclear accidents are very serious. In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Ukraine. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died. In 2011, there was another very serious nuclear accident in Japan. Japan is still trying to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident.

      Many people don't want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it is not safe. A lot of people want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity. There have been protests against nuclear energy in the United States, Russia, France, Taiwan, Japan, India, and many other countries.

      Although many people hate nuclear energy, more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don't have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.

1. Which of the following is NOT true about fossil fuel?

A. It can pollute the air.             B. We don't use much of it.

C. Its sources are limited.          D. Mining fossil fuel can bring harm to the environment.

2. All of the following are true about nuclear accidents EXCEPT that ______.

A. they have been very serious                                                B. their effects can last many years

C. it doesn't take us much time to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident

D. there were serious nuclear accidents in Ukraine in 1986 and in Japan in 2011

3. The phrase "clean up" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. block                                          B. evacuate                           C. disappear       D. remove

4. What does the word "They" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. countries                                  B. protesters                        C. officials       D. supporters

5. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage support most?

A. Some governments are wrong when they are using nuclear energy.

B. We should consider seriously nuclear power because it has both advantages and disadvantages.

C. We can continue using nuclear energy until there is an accident.

D. Many people don't want nuclear power in their countries and governments should follow their people.

 

33. Read the following passage and circle A.  B.  C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Globally we use more energy than ever before, and the demand is rapidly growing. Economic expansion of emerging market economies, population growth and our increasing use of energy-consuming devices are among the most important contributing factors.

About one-third of the radiation hitting Earth’s atmosphere is reflected back out into space by clouds, ice, snow, sand and other reflective surfaces. The other two-thirds is absorbed by the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. As the land, oceans and atmosphere heat up, they re-emit energy as infrared thermal radiation, which passes through the atmosphere. Heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorb this infrared radiation and prevent it from dissipating into space, giving rise to what we know as the greenhouse effect. The accumulation of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the dominating driver of recent climate change. CO₂ is estimated to be responsible for 64 % of man-made global warming. Other greenhouse gases are released in much smaller amounts but still contribute significantly to the overall warming effect, as they are much more potent heat-trapping gases than CO₂.

The EU is taking action on many levels. One example is on fluorinated gases that are contributing less than CO₂ but still a particular point of concern in addressing climate change. They are used in several types of products, such as in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment. While fluorinated gases are released into the atmosphere in smaller quantities than other greenhouse gases, they are extremely potent – they produce a warming effect 23 000 times greater than CO₂. For this reason the EU has decided to control their use. The EU’s regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases aims at cutting the Union’s emissions by two-thirds compared to 2014 levels.

Chemicals are not only part of the problem – they are also part of the solution. Sustainable energy sources like solar power rely on chemical innovation using, for example, nanomaterials. One of the main challenges with renewable energy is how to increase its viability with the help of energy storage solutions. For example, solar panels have the best conditions in the desert, but that is not where most people live. Windmills also produce power during the night, which is when our energy consumption is at its lowest. In other words, technologies to improve energy storage and transportation is one of the important areas of research where innovation is needed.

(Source: https://chemicalsinourlife.echa.europa.eu/)

1. The passage mainly discusses_________.

      A. Inspiration behind global protests.                              B. Disagreement between activists and scientists.

      C. Controversial environmental policies.                        D. Chemicals and global warming.

2. The word “emerging” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by _______.

      A. beginning                            B. problematic                     C. provisional                                    D. developing

3. According to paragraph 2, why does part of the energy received from the sun remain on Earth?

      A. The carbon dioxide absorbs and re-emits the thermal radiation from the Earth’s surface.

      B. The infrared radiation is not capable of escaping the ozone layer with the help of human tools.

      C. The heat is hindered from dispelling by clouds, ice, snow and sand.

      D. Human forcefully keep the extra thermal energy for future use.

4. The word “potent” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by _______.

      A. energetic                             B. dormant                           C. active D. lethargic

5. The word “They” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.

      A. reflective surfaces            B. fluorinated gases

      C. greenhouse gases              D. energy sources

6. According to paragraph 3, what action has the EU take in response to global warming?

      A. They keep track the emission of fluorinated gases to curb its release to an optimal level.

      B. They analyse the statistics of each year’s carbon footprint of the world.

      C. They introduce new legislations concerning the consumption of plastic.

      D. They dismiss the issue as a natural process and neglect its evident impacts

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

      A. Solar energy is easier to harness in the dynamic and populated cities.

      B. There is a broad consensus that human activity is the main cause of global warming.

      C. CO₂ is reported to account for more than two-thirds of artificial warming effect.

      D. Methane is the most powerful heat-trapping chemical substance.

8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

      A. We are coming closer to the next Ice Age more than ever.

      B. The physical environment holds the capability of shaping life’s grand patterns.

      C. Chemistry has to play a pivotal role in addressing the issue of climate change.

      D. Most people do not believe in the occurrence of global warming despite abundant evidence.

 

---THE END---

 

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